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A digital twin is a digital copy of a physical object or system. The concept was formally put forward by Dr. Michael Grieves in 2002. NASA was one of the first to use this technology for space exploration missions. The creation of a digital twin has two stages. First, you need to collect all possible data about the physical object you want to copy. Then, that data is used to create a copy of the physical object in digital space. That allows the twin to act like the physical object in real time, offering insights into performance and potential problems. For example, aircraft engines and trains can be designed and tested digitally before being physically produced. Digital twins can be applied to physical assets, people, processes, places, devices and systems for various purposes. So far, the industries that have achieved the greatest success with digital twins are those involved with large-scale products or projects, like manufacturing, product design, engineering, and building construction. As a bridge between the physical and digital worlds, digital twins help make complex,
Architect Diébédo Francis Kéré has won this year's Pritzker Architecture Prize, becoming the first African architect to win the famous award. The architect is well known for his "pioneering" designs that are "sustainable to the Earth and its inhabitants". Kéré often designs buildings in areas with limited resources. He uses available materials in ways that both reflect and serve the needs of the communities that will use the spaces. Kéré has also won special praise for his 2001 project to build a primary school in his home village. He combined local clay and cement to form bricks, which help keep the building cool in a hot environment. Upon receiving the award, Kéré said, "I never thought that this work that I was doing as a duty to my people will ever be connected to the Pritzker Prize. We have a lot of young people looking for opportunities, and seeing one of them winning the Pritzker Prize may inspire them to become an architect."【缺少答案，请补充】
Gardening, especially on residential balconies, has become popular among young people in China. The new gardeners see it as a way to reduce stress and live more sustainably. According to a recent report, the number of people who buy seeds online in China has increased by over 100 percent year on year, and most buyers are from Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. The trend has also led to an increase in the sales of supplies and equipment. This is because many young people use rather complicated equipment to grow their fruit and vegetables. For example, some use special lighting and smart watering devices. A few weeks ago, David Jones, who is from the U.K. and works in Beijing, started to grow tomatoes on his balcony. He reported learning the practice from his Chinese colleagues, and finding it much fun. "I tried to adopt a more sustainable lifestyle, and it's economical, too. This is definitely one of the things in our daily life that we can do more by ourselves," he said.【缺少答案，请补充】
The rise of social networks means that people are more closely connected than ever before. Data shows that any two people around the world can be connected through four friends. So someone on a social media platform in Canada is probably no more than a friend of a friend of a friend of a friend. Analysts also found that when they just looked at people's connections in a single country, most pairs of people are only separated by three other people. So it's very likely that you're part of the life stories of people that you don't know. That is a further development from the "six degrees of separation" theory by the American social psychologist Stanley Milgram. Milgram conducted his famous "small world experiment" in the 1960s, and found that people in the U.S. were connected via an average of 5.5 others. Social media allows more people to be in touch around the world. But experts warn that although people may have more contacts now, that should not be confused with the number of actual friends they have.
Michael: Hi, Amy. What are you doing? Amy: I'm reading an article about Bob Dylan. Michael: Oh, the American singer and songwriter? Amy: Yes, that's him. Do you know that he was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature? Michael: Oh, really? Hard to believe! I've never thought that a singer and songwriter could win the Nobel Prize. Amy: This was the first time that the prize had been awarded to a musician. In fact, the news caused a heated debate at the time. Some people questioned whether songwriting had risen to the level of literature. Michael: The Swedish Academy must have its reason for choosing Dylan. What did they say about Dylan's works? Amy: They said Bob Dylan had created new poetic expressions within the great
Michael: Hi, Amy. What are you doing? Amy: I'm reading an article about Bob Dylan. Michael: Oh, the American singer and songwriter? Amy: Yes, that's him. Do you know that he was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature? Michael: Oh, really? Hard to believe! I've never thought that a singer and songwriter could win the Nobel Prize. Amy: This was the first time that the prize had been awarded to a musician. In fact, the news caused a heated debate at the time. Some people questioned whether songwriting had risen to the level of literature. Michael: The Swedish Academy must have its reason for choosing Dylan. What did they say about Dylan's works? Amy: They said Bob Dylan had created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Michael: That may be true. But really, can songwriting be regarded as literature? Amy: It's a hard question. But as the Nobel Committee said, Bob Dylan had recorded a large number of albums about topics like the social conditions of man, religion, politics and love. His words have been republished again and again. Michael: In that sense, Bob Dylan is probably worthy of the prize. Amy: Yes. Some critics also argue that Bob Dylan writes poetry for the ear, and it is perfectly fine to read his works as poetry. Michael: No matter what people say about it, in giving the literature prize to a songwriter, the boundaries of literature have been redefined. Amy: That's true.【缺少答案，请补充】
Susan: Hi, Bob. May I ask you a question? Bob: Yes, please. Susan: Who's your personal hero? Bob: Who's my personal hero? Interesting. Why do you ask? Susan: I came across a webpage this morning. It's about a survey of personal heroes. Do you want to know the result? Bob: Yes, what's the result? Susan: Family members are listed about a third of the time. Most importantly, one-fourth of the people surveyed regard their mother as their hero. Mothers are mentioned more than any other person. Does that surprise you? Bob: Well, not really. When you think about it, many highly accomplished individuals often attribute their success to their mothers. For example, George Washington said that "All I am I owe to my mother. I attribute all my success in life to the moral, intellectual and physical education I received from her." Susan: But why do you think mothers are so often considered as personal heroes? Bob: Well, I think there are two kinds of heroes: famous heroes and personal heroes. For famous heroes, we usually consider some famous or important people who are brave and selfless. Susan: Then what kind of people can be personal heroes? Bob: A personal hero can be someone we know, someone who inspires us and we admire. Mothers are the most generous people in the world. They can sacrifice everything, including their own wishes, their time and love, to make things better for us. Susan: That's true. Actually most mothers possess heroic qualities: courage, bravery and selflessness. Maybe that's why we often say "Mothers are great."
March 20 is the International Day of Happiness. You may think it is a day to practice positive thinking or give thanks for the people and things in your life that make you happy. But it's actually a U.N. resolution, which recognized happiness and well-being as goals in the life of all human beings around the world. The initiative to declare a day of happiness came from Bhutan - a country whose citizens are considered to be some of the happiest people in the world. The country has proposed an alternative measure of the prosperity of nations and society, called the Gross National Happiness Index. The index does not use economic and material wealth as the indicator of development. It assesses the whole picture and sees spiritual wellbeing as important as material well-being. Why the day of March 20? Around that time, the center of the sun is directly above the Earth's equator, which is called an equinox. On the equinox, day and night last for almost equal time all over the Earth. The equinox is felt by everyone on the planet, which matches perfectly with the idea behind the Day of Happiness: Happiness will be for everyone only when the people of the world are equal. Since 2013, the Day of Happiness has been celebrated in all U.N. member states.【缺少答案，请补充】
The celebrities we admire are regular people just like us. They too fall in love and face difficulties in life. However, unlike many of us, celebrities commonly find it difficult to lead a normal life. Fame brings them advantages as well as disadvantages. Celebrities can rarely enjoy their private life. Aside from the curious fans, they have to deal with photographers and reporters who take pictures of them eating, shopping, playing with children, and many other things. The most ordinary aspects of their family life become interesting enough for the whole world to read about. Sometimes, it seems that almost anything about them can be used to sell a story. For example, Princess Diana was chased until her death by the paparazzi way back in 1997. Together with the lack of personal privacy, celebrities are more likely to face family problems. Frequent travel, heavy work schedules and media stories put great stress on their family life. They may fail to be caring fathers or mothers. And the often untrue media stories challenge the trust between even the strongest couples. Celebrities have to constantly struggle with the pressures they face. Their reactions may be depression, loss of sleep, bad moods, misbehavior, health problems, and overspending. So in a sense, fame can enrich your life story, but it's also a dangerous drug. If you want to be famous, are you ready for the challenges that will come along?【缺少答案，请补充】
He was born in New York. He lived a very wealthy life. He worked for a newspaper for about 40 years. He donated money to the poor people in New York.
A hat maker. A fashion writer. A photographer. An anthropologist.
He was an influential person in New York. He used to be the spokesman of New York. He often took pictures of the landmarks in New York. He often cycled taking street photographs in New York.
Learning to swim. Finding a well-paid job. Seeing her husband soon. Getting married in a big house.
He had a hard time maintaining his marriage. He got really sick and lost all his valuable things. He lost his job and wealth and was sick for years. He was unable to see his children due to poor health.
It helps one value little things in life. It makes couples appreciate each other. It gives people patience in their job search. It makes people confident in pursuing their goals.
M: Nancy, if you had a chance to make three wishes, what would they be? W: Hmm… I want a high-paying job, a handsome husband, and a big house… with a swimming pool! M: Wow, Nancy! Those are your three wishes? W: Of course! If I have those three things, I’ll be happy! M: Now, Nancy. Let me tell you my story, and you may see things differently afterward. W: See things differently? What do you mean, Uncle Charlie? M: Here is what I once experienced in life. When I married 32 years ago, we had a happy marriage, a beautiful house, two expensive cars, and $200,000 in the bank! W: See, just like now! M: But that is not the whole story. Within six years of our marriage, we had three beautiful children, but we lost our jobs, our house, and all our money, and then I got really sick for nine years. W: Oh, Uncle Charlie. That must have been rough! M: Yes, it was. But we didn’t lose anything truly valuable, because we always said, “Wherever the five of us are together, that’s home!” And, little by little, things did improve, and I finally got well. So, I would suggest you make three different wishes. W: What would those be? I am eager to hear. M: Well… I suggest these three wishes: patience, courage, and love! W: Patience, courage, and love? M: Yes! These are what make life full, strong, and happy! If you have patience and courage, you won’t give up your goals easily, and you can overcome any difficulties. Hence, you will get what you really want in life. W: This is good. What about love? M: If you have true love, you and your husband will be beautiful to each other no matter how old you become. W: I am starting to get what you mean. I will remember. Patience, courage, and love! Thanks, Uncle Charlie!
When in 2020 COVID-19 abruptly turned our life upside down, it separated us from the routines and events that usually hold our life together — work, school, social gatherings, sports events, travel, the things we plan for and look forward to. Life tends to lack focus without those anchors. Yet one year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey in the U.K. involving 4,343 adults, surprisingly, found that very few respondents wanted things to go back to normal. The survey suggests an overwhelming majority of people hope to see some personal and social changes continue following the pandemic, with fewer than one in ten wanting a full return to how things were before. Most of the people in the survey said they noticed big changes because of the lockdown. Over half of them have noticed cleaner air outdoors, and 27 percent have seen more wildlife. Forty-two percent said they value food more, and 38 percent said they are now cooking using recipes and not buying ready-made meals. Two in five feel a stronger sense of local community. 39 percent are more in touch with friends and family, and one in ten have shared food or shopped with a neighbor for the first time. The data shows that the British people are increasingly aware that the health of people and the planet are inseparable; and that they are also able to learn from this crisis and imagine a better future.【缺少答案，请补充】
Sitting at home, Zhang Lin, a Dunhuang culture enthusiast in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan, paid her first visit to the Mogao Grottoes on her smartphone. Deeply touched by the amazing cultural relics, Zhang was also excited to find that she could chat with other visitors on the online tour. That was quite a different experience from the field tours she had had before. Nowadays, many Chinese scenic spots provide online touring services for both domestic and overseas visitors. The Dunhuang Academy in northwestern China’s Gansu Province has been offering online exhibitions on various platforms, including its official website "Digital Dunhuang". Visitors can be immersed in the digital images of more than 4,430 square meters of murals across 30 caves. In early February, the mobile phone version of "Digital Dunhuang" was also launched. The online touring program attracted five million views in the first 10 days after its
Sitting at home, Zhang Lin, a Dunhuang culture enthusiast in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan, paid her first visit to the Mogao Grottoes on her smartphone. Deeply touched by the amazing cultural relics, Zhang was also excited to find that she could chat with other visitors on the online tour. That was quite a different experience from the field tours she had had before. Nowadays, many Chinese scenic spots provide online touring services for both domestic and overseas visitors. The Dunhuang Academy in northwestern China's Gansu Province has been offering online exhibitions on various platforms, including its official website "Digital Dunhuang". Visitors can be immersed in the digital images of more than 4,430 square meters of murals across 30 caves. In early February, the mobile phone version of "Digital Dunhuang" was also launched. The online touring program attracted five million views in the first 10 days after its launch.【缺少答案，请补充】
A 25-year-old girl, Zilla van den Born, tricked her loved ones into thinking she was enjoying a five-week holiday across Southeast Asia as part of a university project. Zilla was actually still at home in Amsterdam and used Photoshop to create the authentic-looking images before posting them on social media platforms. "I did this to show people that we can choose and control what we show on social media," Zilla said. She said her goal was to prove how common and easy it is for people to distort reality. "Everyone knows that pictures of models are not real, but we often forget the fact that we also distort reality in our own life." Over five weeks, Zilla seemed to be swimming, tasting authentic Asian food, traveling in traditional tuk-tuks, and even visiting a Buddhist temple. But in reality, the photographs were taken in her own swimming pool, or at sites around Amsterdam. The "authentic" Asian food was in fact cooked by Zilla herself. In the end, Zilla told her family and friends the truth. Needless to say, they were greatly surprised.【缺少答案，请补充】
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