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作为机组，列举你所知道的会影响防冰液防冰能力的因素。 As flight crew member, please list factors affect anti-icing fluid capacity.

飞行中我们经常会遇到层状云和积状云，相比较而言，哪种云更容易迅速结冰？ We often encounter sheet cloud and cumuliform cloud in flight. Which of them would be easier to cause icing quickly?

当我们飞入层状云，遇到了结冰，我们该如何迅速离开结冰区？ When we flied into sheet cloud and encountered icing, how should we quickly evacuate the icing zone?

作为机组，列举你所知道的与对流天气有关的危险天气现象。 As a flight crew member, list convective activity related adverse weather.

某日，你的飞机的皮托管和相连的排水口堵塞了，但静压系统未堵塞。当下降到较低高度时，空速指示会有什么变化？ Aircraft pitot and connected drain are blocked, but static system is not blocked. How would airspeed indication change when descend to lower altitude?

某日，你的飞机的皮托管阻塞，但和它相连的排水口未堵塞。这时空速指示会有什么变化？ Aircraft pitot is blocked but connected drain is not blocked. How would airspeed indication change?

寒冷天气下飞行，我们经常用热引气来除防冰。请问热引气系统用于除防冰，对推力和爬升性能有什么不利影响？ We often use hot airbleed to deicing in cold weather operation. What would be the negative influence to thrust and climb performance?

寒冷天气下飞行，当我们需要空中等待时，较快的速度和较慢的速度相比，哪种更容易产生积冰？ When we need to hold in flight in cold weather operation, which is easier to cause icing, high speed or low speed?

寒冷天气下，在地面，如果你的航空器温度高于外部环境，且油箱不处于全满状态，油箱内会发生什么不利现象？ What negative influence would appear in tank when it’s not full and aircraft temperature is higher than outside on ground in cold weather?

作为飞行机组，我们应该对云的构成有一定了解：在温度低于多少℃时，云基本上就是由冰粒组成的？ As flight crew, we should know some about cloud constitution: when would cloud are mainly composed by ice particles?

寒冷天气下，你的飞机爬升期间进入大面积的积状云，此时全温为-3摄氏度，突然出现了失速，但没有任何失速警告，请问可能会是什么原因？ Aircraft flied into wide area cumuliform cloud in cold weather and TOTAL AIR TEMPERATURE is -3℃. Aircraft stalled immediately without any stall warning, what could be the reason?

1⽉20日，长春-延吉航班，云层厚度在2000英尺到FL390。下降过程中，飞机长时间处在低温环境。为避免低温条件下发动机低转速带来的不利影响，我们应该如何操作发动机？ Flight CGQ-YNJ, cloud thickness from 2000ft to FL390. Aircraft was in low temperature for a long time in descent. How should we operate engine to avoid negative influence of low engine rotate speed in low temp condition?

12⽉13日，执飞广州-石家庄，预计落地21：15石家庄天气好，湿度较高，气温3摄氏度。请问飞机落地后，再次起飞前需不需要进行除冰的考虑？为什么？ Flight CAN-SJW, ETA 21:15 land, SJW weather is good, humidity is high, temp 3℃. Should we consider about deicing before next takeoff? Why?

在飞机遭遇积冰特别是在过冷大水滴（SLD）条件下时，副翼前方的积冰可能会导致横滚的非正常姿态，在进近和着陆阶段的低速状态下，这样的异常现象会带来很大的操纵困难。你作为机组应该使用哪些方法进行补救？ When aircraft encountering ice accretion especially in supercooled large droplet condition, ice accretion on forepart of aileron may cause abnormal roll attitude, which would lead to difficult in operating in approach and landing. What actions should we take to remedy it?

航路运行，有积状雷雨云需要进行绕飞，目测到雷雨云砧蔓延了数公里远。由于限制区的缘故，管制员指挥你从云砧一侧绕飞。在此侧绕飞，你需要注意那些雷达探测不到的冰晶。为什么？

We must fly around Cumuliform CB on route. It’s visually inspected CB incus extended several kilometers. Controler instructs to fly around from incus side due to restricted area. We should be cautious about the ice crystal can not be detected by weather radar. Why?

寒冷天气下，飞机进入云层，温度显示-2摄氏度。下降期间发现机翼前缘翼尖明显结冰，且延伸至副翼附近，请问这种情况对飞行横滚操纵可能会有什么影响？请简述原因。

Clod weather operation, aircraft flied into cloud and temp indication

was -2℃. Wing leading wingtip oblivious iced up and extended to

aileron during descent. What could be the affect to aircraft roll

control and brief the reason.

许多飞机都有保护静压孔的加热系统以确保静压系统无冰。如果在结冰条件下飞行时，静压孔的加热系统出现故障，此时你的空速和垂直速度指示将会有怎样的变化？ Many aircrafts are installed heating system to protect static. What would airspeed and V/S indication be when flying in icing condition and the heating system is fault?

秋冬季西伯利亚冷空气南下叫什么锋？春夏暖空气自西南向上推进叫什么锋？春季和秋季时常会有两个锋面对峙在长江流域，这叫什么锋？请你分别阐述这三个锋面的概念。 What is the front when Siberia cold air south in autumn/winter? What is the front when warm air north from southwest in spring/summer? What is the front when two fronts meet at Yangtze River Basin, which happens a lot in spring and autumn? Please describe the concept of the three frontal surfaces.

某日，机组在哈尔滨机场执行完地面除冰后，地面人员仅告诉机组除冰开始和结束的时间后，就示意机组可以正常滑出了。你作为机组，认为这样的信息完整吗？如不完整，请补充。 Some day at HRB, after ground deicing, ground staff informed flight crew about start and end time and instructed flight crew to taxi. As flight crew, do you think the information is complete? If not, please complete it.

某日，你的飞机在巡航中遇到了积冰条件。当巡航结束后准备进近，改变形态时，例如放出扰流板、襟翼等，你是否要需要小心操作？请简单讲述原因。 Suppose we encountered icing condition in cruise, should we be cautious when changing configuration (such as spoiler, flaps) after cruise and prepare for approach? Please state the reason.

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