单选题 The three tissue layers surrounding the kidney from outermost to innermost are:

A、 Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
B、 Renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
C、 Adipose capsule, renal fascia, renal capsule
D、 Renal capsule, renal fascia, adipose capsule
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单选题 The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left kidney because:

A、 It is smaller in size
B、 It is pushed down by the liver
C、 It has more blood supply
D、 It is closer to the bladder

单选题 How many renal pyramids make up the renal medulla?

A、 5-8
B、 10-18
C、 20-30
D、 2-5

单选题 The inner portion of the kidney is called the:

A、 Renal cortex
B、 Renal medulla
C、 Renal pelvis
D、 Renal papilla

单选题 The renal hilum is the site where all of the following enter and exit the kidney EXCEPT:

A、 Ureter
B、 Renal artery and vein
C、 Lymphatics
D、 Adrenal gland

单选题 The primary function of the kidneys is to:

A、 Produce hormones only
B、 Filter blood and remove harmful substances
C、 Store urine
D、 Regulate body temperature

单选题 The kidneys are located between which vertebrae?

A、 T10-L1
B、 T12-L3
C、 L1-L5
D、 T8-T12

单选题 The kidneys are described as retroperitoneal, meaning they:

A、 Are located in front of the peritoneum
B、 Sit behind the peritoneal membrane
C、 Are suspended within the peritoneal cavity
D、 Have no peritoneal covering

单选题 The tip of each renal pyramid is called the:

A、 Renal column
B、 Renal papilla
C、 Renal lobe
D、 Minor calyx