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根据下列内容,回答181-185题。 For the first century or so of the Industrial Revolution, increased productivity led to decreasesin working hours. A generation ago social planners worried about what people would do with all thisnew-found free time. In the US, at least, it seems they need not have bothered. Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure (freetime)seems reserved largely for the unemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on thejob as they did at the end of World War II. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since1970. There are several reasons for lost leisure. Since 1979,companies have responded toimprovements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiringextra personnel. Most increased production doesn't relate to the employment. Some firms are evendownsizing as their profits climb. It's more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra houreach than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Although employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade moneyfor leisure. People who work reduced hours pay a huge price in career terms. It's taken as anegative (负面的 ) signal about their commitment to the firm. Many managers find it difficult tomeasure the contribution of their staff to a firm's well-being, so they use the number of workinghours instead of the output to evaluate the employees. Well aware of this, employees adjust theirbehavior accordingly. It may take some time before workers can successfully trade increased productivity and moneyfor leisure time. The reality is that the U.S. market for goods has focused on fulltime, two-careerhouseholds. Car makers no longer produce cheap models, and developers do not build the tinybungalows that served the first postwar generation of house seekers. In a word, in U.S., goods are appropriate only for high incomes and long hours. What was the result of the industrial revolution?__________
根据下列内容,回答186-190题。 Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity. But, it is often the belief ofothers that gives us the courage to try. J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6. In herbiography, she remembers with great fondness when her good friend, Sean, whom she met insecondary school, became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that oneday she would be a very good writer. "He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition to be a writer. Hewas also the only person who thought I was bound to be a success at it, which meant much more tome than I ever told him at the time." Despite many setbacks Rowling persevered in her writing, particularly fantasy stories. But itwasn't until 1990 that she first conceived the idea about Harry Potter. As she recalls, it was on along train journey from London to Manchester that "the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into myhead. To my immense frustration (沮丧), I didn't have a functioning pen with me, and I was tooshy to ask anybody if I could borrow one. I think, now, that this was probably a good thing,because I simply sat and thought, for four(delayed train) hours, and all the details bubbled up inmy brain, and this scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy who didn't know he was a wizardbecame more and more real to me." That same year, her mother passed away after a ten-year battle with multiple sclerosis, whichdeeply affected her writing. She went on to marry and had a daughter, but separated from herhusband shortly afterwards. During this time,Rowling was diagnosed with clinical depression. Unemployed,shecompleted her first novel in area cafes, where she could get her daughter to fall asleep. After beingrejected by 12 publishing houses, the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small Britishpublishing house. Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowlingis the highest earning novelist in history. And it all began with her commitment to writing that wasfostered by the confidence of a friend ! Who believed J.K.Rowling was to be a good writer?__________
根据下列内容,回答191-195题。 Reagan was walking down the street on his way to interview for a minimum wage job. Hehappened to cross paths with Bouvier, who was laying rock salt on the ground outside hisrestaurant, Papa Roux, after an ice storm had hit the area earlier in the morning. Bouvier said the 18-year-old approached him and asked how far it was to 10th and Sherman,Bouvier said the distance was at least seven miles, so he told Reagan that he would be better offtaking a bus instead of walking, especially considering the freezing temperature. Reagan said"thank you" and kept on his way to the job interview. Later, Bouvier and his wife were driving to grab coffee, and they came across Reagan again-still walking. So they offered him a tide. Reagan shared with the couple that he was on his way to ashop to interview for a job, and he did not have money for bus fare. Reagan also shared that hismother had passed away and he was left to care for his two younger sisters. After his morn died acouple of years ago, he ended up dropping out of high school without obtaining a diploma. After hearing the teen's story, Bouvier told Reagan that even if he was offered the shop job,he would hire him and double his salary. Bouvier was impressed with the teen's ambition and workethic. Reagan accepted the job. He cannot believe how everything turned out for him saying, "I'mjust too excited, just excited to start." Bouvier wanted to share the encounter with his friends, so he wrote about it on Facebook. Thestory is going around, with more than 15,000 likes so far. People are applauding the teen's workethic and Bouvier's generosity. One person wrote,"You are a blessing from above, and some good will come to you." Another added, "So kindness does exist. Warms my heart ! " In addition, IndyGo, the local public transportation system, gave Reagan a free one-year pass. What was Reagan doing when he came across Bouvier?__________
根据下列内容,回答196-198题。 San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrelbridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to givesquirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars. The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office buildingwhere office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who workedin and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee breakdiscussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge ideaand formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council. The Council approved, andCouncilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge "Nutty Narrows." After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. Theybuilt the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose. It cost $1,000. It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were evenseen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, andNutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made andcrosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animallovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge inmemory of its builder and his devotion to the project. What does the underlined phrase "teaching them the ropes" probably means in thetext ?__________
根据下列内容,回答199-202题。 Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used acomputer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in theUnited States. The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percentfewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billiondollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-twothousand deaths every year. The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten at the University of California,was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams,or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford andColumbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may listtheir salt content. The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The AmericanHeart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the Americandiet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen-seventies, while blood pressures have also risen.Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National SaltReduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in thecity to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows howthat idea can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearlyshowing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information. All the following are related to the salt in diet except__________.