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A “Fast Response  process” is in place▪ A daily meeting with cross-functional attendees is in place, in which all significant quality issues are addressed and documented.

▪ A standardized problem solving process exists and is in use.

 ▪ Responsibilities are addressed and the activities are tracked by management level.▪ Follow an issue from FR Tracking Board through the exit criteria confirming actions are in place & all the relevant documents have been updated.▪ Ask for the daily production | management meeting times

▪ Ask for the lastest closed | open internal and/or customer complaints

 ▪ Check problem solving documents (Institutionalize)



 有快速反应的机制每天有跨部门的会议以解决质量问题,并且记录下来:

主要讨论NCR 处理单上的问题未关闭项和项目进度等

 谁去跟进,并且结果被跟踪完全没有 0分

口头说有,没有证据 1分

有证据,但无责人跟进2分

有证据,有责任人跟进,并且结果有确认 3分

 有证据,有责任人跟进,结果确认并和客诉能对应起来 4分重点抽查最近一次的客诉情况包含问题描述,图号,责任人,工序,开启时间,预计关闭时间,原因分析,预防纠正措施,FEMA/CP/SOP更新,关闭日期,经验教训等


产品的监视和测量:主要界定进货检验如何做,过程检验如何做,成品检验如果做,

质量部制定进货,过程和成品的检验规程,明确检验方法和抽样方案,判定依据和所用的设备等,进货产品的测量,放在待检区,仓管员填写验收单,品质部根据进料检验计划进行检验,填写进料检验报告等,并悬挂合格或者不合格标签,过程测量,各工序人员自检(可以无记录),检验员进行首件检验,巡检,和末件检验,填写相应的检验记录,巡检发现的不良按照不合格品程序处理,如果不良超过规定值,要按照纠正和预防措施程序处理,并填写异常质量跟踪表,在生产现场进行公示,并跟踪(跨部门沟通早会)

 

等最终检验,由检验员根据最终检验计划进行成品检验,并填写成品检验报告,合格时贴上合格标签,不合格时贴上不合格标志并返修,

They have the meeting every 8:00 to 8:30 to discuss the production status. Including the production , process , and quality. We could see the record.


No daily or weekly meeting for production or other topic, have no root cause analysis in production when found the issue.

Team members have standardized work and understand what to do with non-conforming | suspect material▪ Verify that team members understand what to do with nonconforming | suspect material.▪ Check rework station, standardized work is applied and regularly checked.

 ▪ Check that each station has a standardized work for the handling of non-conforming | suspect material.▪ Layered Audit overview of past 12 months

 ▪ for Launch: request sampling     status / timing on partnumber basis

有标准的作业流程去处理不合格品和疑似不合格品确认首先有没有这个程序,这个主要针对现场发现的问题,

确认现场质量人员是否知道如何使用这个程序

 确认是否每个工位都知道这个程序没有这个程序 0分

有这个程序,没有执行,只停留在纸上 1分

有这个程序,也执行了,但执行不到位,比如不合格品盒子,标签不符合要求,部分工位人员不知道如何处理, 2分

执行到位 并且合适3分

有这个程序并且现场随机作业员也能快速的回答这个问题 4分



现场问下当班的作业员是否知道最基本的不合格品如何摆放不合格品有明确的盒子来装并且固定在指定的区域,作业员能清楚快速的回答如何处理


 检查返工是否有正式的流程和文件


,不符合输出的控制-主要界定在不同的区域发现的不合格品该如何处置,(要有标志和放置的区域)包含进料检验发现的,生产线制程中发现的,产品终检发现的,以及客户投诉的,以及如何处理,包含谁来发起品质异常处理单(NCR),谁来制定措施,谁来批准 ,谁来监督实行并验证,报废一般要领导层批准,让步接受一般要客户批准,其中NCR 处理单是所有公司必不能少的单据,还有返修联络单也是不能缺少的单据(返修要有作业指导,并界定重新检验)

 

NCR 的单子要包含至少下面的信息

 

料号,数量,发生的地方,比例,描述,处置办法,预防措施,各部门会签,和最终的效果确认,

格式如下:注意次品率,描述,原因分析,处理措施一定要包含

 

返修联系单或者返修作业指导书:最少应该包含:返修流程,返修结果确认

For the non confirming parts ,they have a official procedure to handle it and follow it well.


Operators know how to deal with the suspect material, but have no work instructions and identify about the suspect material, have no nonconforming area and material rejection report

Non-conforming | suspect material is clearly identified and | or segregated for review | disposition▪ Confirm that nonconforming or suspect material is clearly identified and/or segregated.  Red, Yellow, Green stoplight.

 ▪ Parts should be physically tagged or painted for identification purposes and to drive a physical act during handling, which will reduce the risk of mishandling parts.▪ Check in shop floor that identification tagging system is used in all areas

▪ Scrap data are documented and verified.

Check start-up parts handling

▪ Ask some operators that everyone in shop floor is understanding color coding used inside the organization. Ask how (s)he would handle a NOK part concrete.

▪ Scrap boxes size should match with part size.

 ▪ Verify quarantine access is defined, quantity is controlled.  Verify that avoidance of mixing NOK part, ensure via layout of workplace, handling and storing of NC parts.

仓库

 不合格品会被隔离并清楚的标识确认不合格品或者可疑品通过放在不同颜色盒子的方式被标识和隔离,

 零件本身有清楚的标签防止错误使用没有明确的并且规范管理的不合格品区域 0分

有这个区域,管理不规范,没有线或者围栏,1分

有这个区域而且明显标志,零件本身也有标签,标签内容完整,2分

以上都具备并且有完善的表格来统计每天的不合格数量,3分

 有详细的统计并且针对数量较大的不合格品有详细的分析改善措施并实施 4分产看每个车间的不合格现场,检查他们首件事如何做的,为什么会发生这个不合格,最后一定是质量体系中的某个地方有问题明确的,标识清楚的,零件本身也有标签,统计并且分析改善


There is clear area for the non confirming parts, but for the NG parts there is no labels inside the box to specify the necessary info like the part No. part status , and quantities 

Have no scrape data statistic and no identify for the suspect material and products, have no non conforming area for each process and non conformance products have no identified

Traceability is applied according to the traceability methods of the finished product▪ Verify the traceability methods.▪ Rework is part of Process Flow.

▪ Parts being repaired can be traced back later

▪ Check if team members understand rework identification process and follow one reworked part, how it is handled, identified and reintroduced back to line.

▪ Overall shopfloor organization allows to respect the FIFO

▪ When traceability is required check it via a part.

 ▪ Check on parts in process and suspect material that "last operation performed" is identified.

加工工位

 追溯性.验证追溯的方法,通常是跟踪卡完全不能追溯0分

可以追溯到生产订单 1分

可以追溯到工单 2分

可以追溯到入库单 3分

 可以追溯到采购订单或者返工产品可以追溯到入库单 4分抽查一个零件能快速追溯下去/ 如果有返工,要体现在控制程序中

被返修的零件要能追溯回去,确认员工是否理解返工品的确认,跟踪一个返工品确认是否员工理解如何处理,如何释放,如何回到生产线,做到先进先出,通过一个零件验证追溯性,

 .确认生产的 在线的工序最后一道工序被记录,


这个里面分为两部分,要给是标志,要求全过程的标志,和可追溯,标志一般从进料检验(检验ok标志),待检区和合格区标志 到原材料入库(物料识别卡),领料(生产任务单),加工(产品流程卡),成品检验(检验ok标志),包装及入库(成品入库单)等,

 

仓库制作“到货送检单”通知IQC进行检验,检验合格IQC在“到货送检单”盖PASS章

仓库根据不同的物料转移到相应区域,并制作用“物料标识卡”进行记录并标识区分写明产品的厂商、料号、规格、数量等相应信息,以方便对其进行管理 和追溯,对于板材、配件等 生产性物料,生产单位依据“生产任务单”计划用量进行领料,仓管员需核对其“生产任务单”上的领用规格、数量等相应信息,并在生产任务单上面写明发货的数量和批次,然后将板材发货给生产领用单位。

 

标志分为产品的标志,比如原材料,半成品,成品,过程的标志,比如流程卡,生产任务单或者工单,追溯性要求一般通过产品批次号-出厂检验记录表-物料追踪卡-主材领料单-主材进厂检验记录等

For some parts ,they have the batch No. casted onto the part surface , we could trace back to which date it was produced , and could trace back to the batch of the casting iron. But for some kinds of parts ,they did not do this.

Can not track for rework prats  and have no FIFO control.

Targets are defined and followed to reduce scrap and increase First Time Quality at all levels of operation.▪ Performance metrics such as scrap rate (internal ppm), rework percentage, etc. are established and followed at all levels of the operation.

▪ Tracking of customer complaints

▪ Costs of poor quality (including indirect costs: sorts,...).

▪ Tracking of number of containment at customer and in-house.

 ▪ Tracking time in containment▪ Check customer complaints link to control of nonconforming product.

▪ Verify that containment is driven back to the source of error.

 ▪ Verification of countermeasure action; Tracking of number and time of containments▪ Check all rework claims of the last 12 month

质量部

 有降低不良率和直通率的措施不良率和直通率目标有设定

不良率和直通率有统计

由于不良导致的质量损失由统计

没有不良率和直通率 0分

有不良率和直通率目标,但无统计1分

有统计,但是无分析 2分

有分析并且有改善措施 3分

 有改善措施并且实施 和验证结果4分检查客诉的情况,看下不良率和直通率有不良率和直通率设定,有月度统计并分析,有改善措施并且不良率有效降低得到控制/确认客诉和不合格品处置的联系,二者要对应起来

确认围堵措施要分析道问题的根源

 验证围堵措施,问题是否重复发生,


数据分析控制程序

 

这个数据分析必须至少   包含顾客满意度调查的范围/出货检验的部分数据以体现对客户产品要求的符合性/过程和产品的特性和趋势(过程检验的重大关键特性数据),/供方的表现,主要是产品交付的相关情况,这个数据既包含宏观的数据也包含微观的数据,例如各个部门的数据,质量部的合格率,报废率等月度,年度数据,采购的供货及时率,和合格率书,销售的供货及时率,客诉处理及时性等,财务部的预算执行情况,生产的稼动率,产值等,各个部门负责本部门的质量目标的统计和分析,按月度,季度,年度等分析,数据分析的方法次啊用SPC,宏观数据采用直方图,趋势图等方法,微观数据采用SPC的方法

There is scrape rate target ,but there is no  first time quality analysis. They handle the customer complaints by 8D report. 

Have no customer complaint list, have no organization structure, no scrap data calculated or analyze.

Error Proofing Master parts (when used) are clearly identified▪ Error proofing masters are clearly identified with e.g. a fixed lable.

 ▪ Confirm records of verification are available.▪ Error proofing masters

 ▪ List of Error proofing masters

质量部开班前防呆的检具要被确认功能确认是否有一个防呆检具的清单

确认如何确认或者验证防呆检具有效性有一个方法

 确认所有的防呆检具在开班使用前都有验证无防呆检具 0分

有防呆检具,但从不验证1分

有防呆检具并且也有完整的清单2分

有清单也都有效验证 3分

 每次开班前都能验证,而且有验证的方法 4分防呆检具有清单,有标签,有验证,参与一个防呆的验证过程,检查过程被记录保存

检查现场发现的任意检具是否和清单上对应起来

检查验证的记录,比如控制计划上有提到,开机操作规程

检查验证检具的黄金样品标签,存储,校验,和测量设备/检查过去的客诉针对由于防呆失效引起的,

 检查防呆检具清单


监视和测量设备控制:

 

目的时确保检测设备符合需要的精密度,主要规定品质部如何验收,管理测量设备,如何校验,当返现失效的时候如何审查之前的数据,要由设备台账,检验计划表,外校的设备要由校验报告,内校的设备要由内部的校验规程,校验合格的设备贴绿色标签,部分功能可用贴黄色的限用标签,不合格的贴红色的不合格,设备小无法贴时应该贴在盒子上并在设备上雕刻标号,无法修复的设备经过确认后要报废,并在台账中注明 校验时间,报废时间等,

如量具管理员确认损坏为自然磨损导致量具失准,量具管理员可用备用的量具替换磨损的量具给使用人使用,并将该失准量具测量过的产品/环境数据向前追溯3个批次,以确认这批产品/环境的质量状态。如追溯3批的产品/环境确认质量是OK的,则停止继续向前追溯,如追溯3批后确认NG, 则继续向前追溯至10个批次,直止完全排除该量具在失准的状态下测量对检测结果造成的影响。

 

审核时注意查看实验室温湿度等控制,新采购的仪器一定要校准

they have the error proofing masters device, and also the list ,but it is not maintained well. Some labels is missing

No Error proofing master parts found and list available , the inspection device not calibrated.

Problem solving process is applied and corrective actions implemented as result of Verification Station Activities▪ Problem solving activities is conducted based on Verification Station Pareto analysis.

▪ Group leader reviews in a daily basis Verification Station activities and results and follow up the action plan.

▪ Leadership/support staff reviews in a weekly basis the status of problem solving activities.

 ▪ In case of lack of detection of non-conformance part, verification station controls have to be re-evaluated and improved.▪ Check problem solving was applied, corrective actions were defined against main root cause (not just "re-training of operators").

 ▪ Verification station is owned by management.

质量部分析问题的科学方法存在分析问题使用柏拉图

领导层会每天去跟进解决的进度

领导层要求员工至少每周一次检讨解决问题的进度

 如果无法发现问题,要改进这个分析过程没有科学的分析工具使用0分

依靠个人经验,但是也依据柏拉图原理1分

使用正式的柏拉图分析 2分

分析方法正确并且能发现问题的根源3分

 发现问题有改善措施并且领导层或者员工周期性的检讨进度4分检验8D 报告是如何分析问题的 

产品的监视和测量:主要界定进货检验如何做,过程检验如何做,成品检验如果做,

质量部制定进货,过程和成品的检验规程,明确检验方法和抽样方案,判定依据和所用的设备等,进货产品的测量,放在待检区,仓管员填写验收单,品质部根据进料检验计划进行检验,填写进料检验报告等,并悬挂合格或者不合格标签,过程测量,各工序人员自检(可以无记录),检验员进行首件检验,巡检,和末件检验,填写相应的检验记录,巡检发现的不良按照不合格品程序处理,如果不良超过规定值,要按照纠正和预防措施程序处理,并填写异常质量跟踪表,在生产现场进行公示,并跟踪(跨部门沟通早会)

 

等最终检验,由检验员根据最终检验计划进行成品检验,并填写成品检验报告,合格时贴上合格标签,不合格时贴上不合格标志并返修,

They do not use the professional analysis tools to analyse the root cause of the problems , it is mainly depend on their experience, the lead ship will review it weekly to check the problem solving progress

No scientific tools used for the problem solving process. Only by experience.

All work is documented using a standard format and meets all safety, quality and element time requirements▪ Use the plant approved documents to capture standardized work.

▪ Standardized work documents should include what, how & why for tasks are performed.

▪ Check if standardized work is available at the workstations and followed.

Does the supplier have written SOP’s for

Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Machine Set Up / Process Start-up Checklist

Mold / Die Set Up

Raw Material Verification

Product Work Instructions

First-Off Production Pieces

Product Control

Production Parameters

Process Flow Charts

Packing Procedure

Secondary Operations

Non-Conforming Product (Raw Material, Finished Product)


 ▪ Check on shop floor potential safety issues

▪ On the shop floor, appreciate the level of light, the temperature (cold/hot), the level of noise, the loads carried by operators, the level of work (hands up...).

▪ Check workplace organization and visualization at several different places (incoming/storage area, work stations, maintenance room).

▪ 5S audit records and verify actions implemented for findings.

▪ Check Work instructions at different workplaces (manufacturing, quality control, material handling / logistic), check:

1. Easy availability,

2. Compare instructions to work performed by operators. Observe three full cycles of the job in station & verify that the Major Steps, Key Points are followed and Reason is understood,

       - Ask few operators to explain standard work instr. (SWI). Does operator understand it?▪ for Launch: List of ongoing engineering changes , if appr.: what is the normal line speed

▪ List of active gages in use

 ▪ Check customer complaints where root cause is linked to Standardized Work (working instruction not detailed, wrong set up etc.).

加工工位

 所有工作都要有标准格式的WI 兼顾安全,质量,效率

 WI 要经过公司层面批准,应该包含做什么,怎么做,怎么衡量,检查是否FMEA 有标准SOP, 机台开机检查SOP,过程开始SOP,模具装夹SOP,原材料确认,首件制作SOP,生产参数,过程流程图,包装规范,安全操作,不合格品处理,等没有WI 0分

有WI ,但是不齐全,1分

有WI,而且齐全,但是没有执行 2分

有WI ,并且执行,但是执行不到位,员工没有完全按照WI 进行 3分

有WI ,并且通俗易懂,员工也完全理解并完全执行到位 4分

现场查看每个过程的WI ,是否齐全,WI 是否内容齐全,简单易懂,员工都能理解?并且张贴在显眼的位置,易于获得?灯光如何?噪声如何?温度如何?WI 制作是否考虑了人机工程学的原理?简单实用有效齐全的WI/检查工作场所潜在安全问题,例如灯光,温度,噪声,操作员搬运重量,检查不同地方的组织架构,和可视化,例如进料,仓储,工站,维修房,5s审核报告和改善行动,检查不同地方的wi,例如制造,质量,和物流来保证 易于获取,比较实际操作与wi是否一致,问下操作员是否偶理解


研发部的程序

设计和开发控制程序

这个程序主要包含三个方面: 策划,输入,输出,评审,验证,客户确认,和更改控制

策划包含 时间节点,每个节点如何评审和验证,及确认,各个节点的权限与职责,所需资源,和沟通的接口,

 

策划的结果形成项目计划书或者开发计划书(计划书随着项目进行要更新)

 

然后开始输入: 输入包括功能性能要求(图纸,规范等),使用的法律法规(国家标准等),之前的项目经验(类似产品的开发经验),这些文件要有记录; 最终形成设计开发输入清单,技术部确认输入信息是完整的,没有矛盾的

 

输出包括:生产和服务所需信息:包含内部零件图纸,工艺指导书,routing,采购信息包括材料BOM 表,技术要求,外购图纸等,质量部要有验收检验规程,使用说明书,包装,标签,材料证明,以及其他证明文件(控制计划,流程图等),形成最终的输出清单

 

然后开始评审,一般要评审其中过程中的风险形成FMEA ,输出 设计失效模式分析,

 

最后进行验证:填写样品申请单,开始制作样品,样品完成后出具样品试产报告,

研发部召开评审会议,讨论要进行的改良措施,存入评审会议记录中,会后填写设计和开发验证报告,必要时安排修改文件,

所有设计和开发的更改要保持记录,

For every step they have the good working instructions, the WI could cover from the raw material inspection to the melting process , casting process ,and blasting process , it is very detailed 


Have no work instruction, flow chart or other documents onsit

Training plan and timetable exists for each employee aligned to the business plan based upon job requirements and evaluations▪ Review the Training Plan and verify that:

- The effectiveness of training and the planning process are key in the development of people to successfully complete their role and responsibilities.

- The training plan and time table are completed annually based on plant needs and supported by the leadership.

 ▪ Verify that the training is being completed to plan.▪ Verify at different workplaces whether their operators got the training from certified trainer.

▪ Record of Internal Qualified Trainers.

▪ Ask operators how they were trained (e.g.: according to 4 Step).

 ▪ Rules for Graduation Process is described at Training Procedure.

人力资源针对职业不同的培训,包含明确的时间节点,培训计划来源于工作需求和个人评估培训计划要能帮助员工有效完成工作

 培训计划要按年度完成没有培训计划0分

有培训计划但不能与工作需求想匹配 1分

有好的培训计划但没有执行 2分

计划被执行,但没有明确的评估 3分

 有评估且认为有效 4分实地考察员工是否接受了培训

问下员工他们是如何被培训的,

 如何毕业在培训计划中有界定 


人事部的程序

6. 资源管理 6.2 人力资源:人力资源控制程序

这个方面主要界定了:为达成产品要求公司要明白员工要具备的能力,这些能力如果不能满足要提供培训,培训后要确认是否已经满足了,已经有能力的人还要确认他们认识到公司的质量目标和相关工作的重要性,最后保留相关的培训记录,培训手下要有来源:来源于公司定义的岗位任职要求,也就是我们说的JD,员工到岗位后,在试用期内,试用期结束后要填写任职评价表,从这个评价表出发就可以知道培训的需求,另外还有公司界定的一些基本培训:

比如新员工培训,包括规章制度,质量方针,岗位作业指导书,注意事项,出现紧急情况时的处理,服装劳保要求等,提供岗位的安全隐患,其余其他岗位的培训由岗位负责人培训,也就是部门的入职培训,人事根据任职评价会编制下个年度的培训计划并执行,培训后要经过一段时间填写员工技能考核表,来评估培训的效果,培训记录要保持

特别是检验人员的培训和鉴定记录

6.4 工作环境,这个可以作为一个单独的程序也可以包含在其他程序中,主要关注的是现场和办公场所的5S管理,灯光,照明,通风,卫生,劳保用品穿戴,工作台面清洁,噪声等,另外员工的体检也是一个因素,桌面文具是否摆放整齐,一般用5S评分表的方式来管理。

 

另外还涉及到5.5 职责和权限中的岗位职责表,以及组织架构图,

They have the training plan ,but it is not clearly defined when each training program will be finished, too roughly 


Have no training plan for employees

Basic and individual job training needs are identified, their content are formalized and all the trainings are recorded.▪ Basic training is given to each new employee which minimum includes:

- New hire orientation,

- Knowledge & respect of the product (including management of key characteristics),

- Perform proper record keeping (production/quality),

- Understand work place organization responsibility,

- Quality requirements (containment, red-bins, Andon, etc.),

- Escalation procedure (are the right people notified during a problem).

▪ Individual job training is documented for each employee showing training needs, skills or knowledge level of the job, who trained them, timing of operator sign off.

▪ Individual job training is held in case of change in training content or need (e.g.: Working Instruction change). Traceability for latest change is ensured.

▪ Documentation, scheduling and tracking forms for employee refresher training if they have not performed that job within a specific duration.

 ▪ All the training activities are documented, records are available and easily retrieved.▪ Check if the Individual Job Training has all training content need to perform the task.

▪ Check Individual Job Training records for different job elements (operator at a working station, quality controller, team leader, a support function)

▪ Verify few operators whether following Standardized Work Instructions & know the quality and productivity requirements.

▪ Check few working stations and verify that training records are available to the latest working instruction level.

▪ Verify if there's employee that go back to the operation after specific period out of operation without refresh training.

 ▪ Ask operators, when they had their last training with what content

人力资源基本的岗前培训和特殊工种的培训别识别,内容被定义,记录可查询新员工培训要有:入职培训(规章制度,请假等)

产品特性培训(公司做的产品介绍)

各种表单如何填写,比如生产和质量

工作职责和组织架构培训

质量要求培训,比如红盒子,安灯,隔离区等

升级培训:发生问题时找谁

个人的工作培训包含培训需求,技能,培训人,受训人签字

个人长期换岗后重新的培训,


基本的上岗培训入职培训无0分

有基本的上岗培训和入职培训但无记录1分

有培训业有记录2分

产品特性,质量要求,工作职责等有培训 3分

 以上培训都有并且考核有效,记录完整, 4分实地考察员工是否接受了这些培训

是否培训包含了所有要具备的内容,考察不同岗位的员工,比如操作员,检验员,领班,因为培训内容侧重点不同

作业员正常要培训相关岗位的作业指导书,检查培训内容是否和作业指导书版本一致,问下作业员他们最近一次接收的培训是什么?是否和目前的岗位一致?


人事部的程序

6. 资源管理 6.2 人力资源:人力资源控制程序

这个方面主要界定了:为达成产品要求公司要明白员工要具备的能力,这些能力如果不能满足要提供培训,培训后要确认是否已经满足了,已经有能力的人还要确认他们认识到公司的质量目标和相关工作的重要性,最后保留相关的培训记录,培训手下要有来源:来源于公司定义的岗位任职要求,也就是我们说的JD,员工到岗位后,在试用期内,试用期结束后要填写任职评价表,从这个评价表出发就可以知道培训的需求,另外还有公司界定的一些基本培训:

比如新员工培训,包括规章制度,质量方针,岗位作业指导书,注意事项,出现紧急情况时的处理,服装劳保要求等,提供岗位的安全隐患,其余其他岗位的培训由岗位负责人培训,也就是部门的入职培训,人事根据任职评价会编制下个年度的培训计划并执行,培训后要经过一段时间填写员工技能考核表,来评估培训的效果,培训记录要保持

特别是检验人员的培训和鉴定记录

6.4 工作环境,这个可以作为一个单独的程序也可以包含在其他程序中,主要关注的是现场和办公场所的5S管理,灯光,照明,通风,卫生,劳保用品穿戴,工作台面清洁,噪声等,另外员工的体检也是一个因素,桌面文具是否摆放整齐,一般用5S评分表的方式来管理。

 

另外还涉及到5.5 职责和权限中的岗位职责表,以及组织架构图,

 

We cannot find the new employee training record, which include the safety training , WI training , product technology training. Only some very general training to all the staffs

Have no training records for new employee.

Audits are tracked and their results are recorded, a follow-up is performed▪ Check if all findings are recorded on the audit sheet and those not solved within the shift are transferred to countermeasure sheets.▪ How organization apply the problem solving methodology for issues detected during the LPA and how the organization record the countermeasure (for example in the countermeasure sheet) and how they do the follow up of actions

- actions defined against root cause

- due dates kept

- implemented actions were verified.

- Check the involvement of the management (knowledge of the result, of the on-going action plan)

▪ Continuous Improvement

▪ Problem Solving Methodology revised using the results of LPA

▪ Workstation Organization performed

 ▪ LPA used to capture a more efficient way to work and lead the standard work revision

质量部内审结果被跟踪,并有跟进措施内审的结果

 检查是否所有的审核发现都被记录,并且现场没有解决的都被记录下来并跟进没有做内审 0分

只有内审文件,1分

有内审文件,实际也在执行 2分

内审报告中的不符合项有改进措施和实施 3分

 改善措施实施后的结果被验证 4分文件查阅确认组织如何解决在审核中发现的问题,并且如何记录解决措施,并且如何实施下面活动:解决根源的措施,到期日被界定,实施措施被验证,


质量部-

内部审核管理程序:

这个程序主要是管理者代表或者质量部指定的负责人 组织协助公司的内部审核,制定审核计划(包含审核目的,范围,依据,确定审核组成员,审核日期,日程,受审部门和审核内容),审核成员和受审部门无直接的责任关系,审核员要有内审员资格,总经理指定有较强独立工作能力的人担任审核组的组长,组长组织审核员根据审核计划编制内部审核检查表,审核开始时,受审部门要确定配合人员,审查员参考检查表通过交谈,调查文件邓方法收集客观证据并记录在不符合项报告中,并当场让受审部门负责人签字确认,审核员结束后给出口头报告,提出建议,内审一周内,审核组长编制 内部质量管理体系审核报告,发放给各部门,审核报告包含(审核目的,范围,依据,审核组成员,受审方代表,审核日期,实施情况,不合格项数量,分布,严重程度,体系的有效性符合性结论)

 

审核中发现的问题会依不符合项报告的形式给出,被审核部门负责人要签字确认,并回复完成时间,正常部超过7天,审核组长在三天内提交审核报告,审核整改后,被审核相关人员确认整改情况,审核组汇总本次审核后做成不符合项分布图,审核中出现分歧,由审核组长进行终裁,

They have made the internal audit and the report is available. All the non confirming items have the followings corrective actions and tracked.

Have no risk evaluate such as FMEA and others. Identify the risk by experience.

A structured tool to identify, evaluate and prioritize risks exists for all part numbers ▪ Check if PFMEA - Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is made.

▪ Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) are defined.

▪ All planned actions are documented in the risk reduction action plan.

▪ PFMEA is updated regularly for each quality issue and corrective action that have been implemented.

▪ Tracking of delayed recommended actions by leadership, necessary actions done in case of delay.

▪ Number of new failure modes and root causes covered after complaint (both external and internal).

 ▪ Review actions/implementation dates/delays.▪ Check member of PFMEA team and verify that necessary trainings are provided.

▪ Verify content: Effects evaluated from both customer and manufacturing point of view, Potential cause of failure defined specifically, ambiguous phrases (e.g., operator error or machine malfunction, etc.) should not be used. Real preventive actions are listed.

▪ Review risk reduction action plan, evaluate that actions are defined against root cause or improve detection, target dates are kept.

▪ Evaluate that Quality Tools implemented are efficient to keep risk under control.

▪ Review scoring after recommended action implemented.

▪ force majeure risk: fire, water, energy loss

▪ Revision date of PFMEA linked to past failures.

▪ Check last customer complaint or quality issues and their update in PFMEA.

 ▪ Compare top internal scrap data with Occurrence scoring.▪ Last internal and external claims

工程部有一个专门的工具来识别,评估和分类风险,一般是包含在失效模式分析里面检查是否有失效模式分析

 RPN值是否定义,计划的措施被记录,失效模式分析被更新如果有客诉或者内部不良,重点在于失效模式要验证其有效性没有失效模式分析0分

有失效模式分析但表格不全 1分

表格齐全2分

有表格并且执行 3分

有执行并且验证有效性并更新 4分

分析客诉 和内部报废率,模糊不清的分析或者措施不能使用,看下质量工具的使用要能真正有效降低风险,看下内部最高的报废和对应的评分要一致检查失效模式分析小组成员,并且确认都有必要的培训

失效分析的内容应该经过客户和内部制造部门评估,原因要界定清楚,真正的预防措施要列出来,

评估降低风险的措施,措施必须针对风险的根源,有截至日期,评估质量工具在降低风险方面的有效性,评估改善措施后的风险值大小,检查零件的实际失效和模式分析对应起来,检查上次客户的投诉,看是否PFMEA 有更新,比较内部报废率比较高的零件和风险值


 上次内部和外部的客诉点


研发部的程序

设计和开发控制程序

这个程序主要包含三个方面: 策划,输入,输出,评审,验证,客户确认,和更改控制

策划包含 时间节点,每个节点如何评审和验证,及确认,各个节点的权限与职责,所需资源,和沟通的接口,

 

策划的结果形成项目计划书或者开发计划书(计划书随着项目进行要更新)

 

然后开始输入: 输入包括功能性能要求(图纸,规范等),使用的法律法规(国家标准等),之前的项目经验(类似产品的开发经验),这些文件要有记录; 最终形成设计开发输入清单,技术部确认输入信息是完整的,没有矛盾的

 

输出包括:生产和服务所需信息:包含内部零件图纸,工艺指导书,routing,采购信息包括材料BOM 表,技术要求,外购图纸等,质量部要有验收检验规程,使用说明书,包装,标签,材料证明,以及其他证明文件(控制计划,流程图等),形成最终的输出清单

 

然后开始评审,一般要评审其中过程中的风险形成FMEA ,输出 设计失效模式分析,

 

最后进行验证:填写样品申请单,开始制作样品,样品完成后出具样品试产报告,

研发部召开评审会议,讨论要进行的改良措施,存入评审会议记录中,会后填写设计和开发验证报告,必要时安排修改文件,

所有设计和开发的更改要保持记录,

They have the FMEA, It is implemented well, but not for all parts . Only very small percentage have the FMEA.

Have no risk evaluate such as FMEA and others. Identify the risk by experience.

Implementation of procedures and work instructions for contamination control ▪ Are all areas identified where contamination can occur?

▪ Are all contamination failure modes included in the PFMEA?

▪ Are methods and frequency of checks defined to ensure quality and cleanliness of: e.g. washers, air probes, part storage?

 ▪ Control limits are utilized to trigger reaction plans.▪ Verify if the organization had mapped all areas/operations that could be affected by contamination and identify the type of contamination in each area. Also, if these information were used during the PFMEA and Process Control Plan development.

▪ Check if the cleanliness controls are being done according to frequency established at PCP. Frequencies are reasonable.

▪ Application using statistical method to monitor and control (include individual parts, sub-assemblies, full assemblies).

▪ Verify if there is a documented reaction plan for cases where the limit control or unstable condition is reached.

▪ Ask to team member and/or inspector what they should do when an out of control condition is reached.

▪ Written procedure for inspection and maintenance of returnable dunnage.

▪ Parts are covered / properly protected.

 ▪ Parts on the assembly lines handled with lint free gloves / towels.

生产部

有没有WI 或者程序去控制污染

是否所有的区域都被识别可能发生污染?

是否所有可能污染引起的失效被考虑入fmea?

 是否有方法和频率去检查保证清洁,比如多久清洗一次?空气检测?零件存放?控制线被界定去触发反应计划?各区域污染的因素被识别 1分

可能因污染引起的失效被考虑进FMEA 1分

有控制污染的措施,比如清晰料盒子1分

防护服,鞋子,发套等 1分


现场查阅验证组织是否标记了所有可能被污染的地方或者工位,并且确认了污染方式,是否和失效模式分析对应起来?

确认清洁是否被通过频次的方式来控制?频次要合理

 是否运用数理统计的方法去控制,是否有文件规定达到污染控制线的时候对应的反应措施?零件在组装线的时候要使用不起毛的手套来包装,可回收抹布的使用要有次数限制?


8.5.4 防护

组织应在生产和服务提供过程中对输出进行必要防护,以确保符合要求。

注:防护可包括标识、处置、污染控制、包装、储存、传送或运输以及保护。

The cleanness is not good. Especially the lab, they need to improve it to maintain the inspection device much better

No procedure to control the contamination , 5S is poor

If clean room / area is required (due to sediment or painting requirement), special rules are utilized in order to minimalize risk of contamination.▪ Clean room protective clothing defined and enforced.

▪ Positive pressure to stop outside air/contaminants from being drawn into the clean room.

▪ Limited access by employee and enter/exit routine to clean room are kept.

▪ Sticky mats or shoes protection to remove contaminants from footwear.

 ▪ Check if protective cloths are worn (e.g. hair nets, shoe covers, lint free lab coats, rags, gloves, etc.).

▪ Check how access control to clean room is kept.

▪ See if air quality and pressure are monitored.

▪ Verify if filters are changed according to planning.

▪ Check if controls of restrictions (e.g.: no fibrous material, no aerosol sprays, no food, etc.) are in place.

 ▪ See if LPA is in place (if out of condition is identified there’s a reaction plan in place).

生产部是否有洁净室和洁净区域洁净室的工作服要界定,并强制执行
洁净室的正压力防止外部空气进入
有授权的人才可以进入
有专门的鞋子来防止外部灰尘进入


左边四点各一分,累计算分现场查阅检查防护服是否磨损(发网,鞋套,防静电服,)
检查如何门禁控制
检查空气压力和空气质量是否被监控
检查是否滤芯定期被更换
 检查是否有限制性的物品,比如纤维材料,食物,喷雾,

There is no need for the cleaning room in this factory. But for the protective cloth and device , they have the regulations.

Clean room is not necessary, but the necessary protective cloths also not worn.

Implementation of procedures and work instructions to select and evaluate suppliers▪ Are all process and design changes communicated to the suppliers.

▪ Criteria to become sourceable supplier is defined.

 ▪ Contractual documents (such as SOR) contains all tier1 requirements, expectations, and processes, signed by tier supplier.▪ If supplier selection is done at manufacturing location, check documentation of a tier supplier selection process.

▪ If selection is done centrally, check tier X status is known by manufacturing location.

 ▪ Evidence of SQ responsibility, if applicable▪ List of key sub-supplier sources and locations

 ▪ check whether there was any customer complaint caused by tier supplier.

采购部出选择和评估供应商有固定的程序

是否所有的设计和过程变更都和供应商有沟通?

供应商准入的标准有界定?是否所有采购单据包含全部要求?并被签字确认?

有供应商选择程序并执行有效1分

有供应商评估程序并执行有效1分

合格供应商清单 1分

 供应商的调查问卷,保密协议,质保协议等完整 1分文件查阅是否供应商的选择考虑了制造部门意见?

检查一个供应商开发的实例

供应商清单

 检查是否有供应商引起的客诉


采购部门的程序

 

7. 产品实现 7.4 采购 7.4.1 采购过程 7.4.2 采购信息 7.4.3 采购产品的验证,

 

其中7.4.1 采购过程中对应两个程序

 

 

 

新供方开发管理程序和现有供方管理程序,以及7.4.2 和7.4.3 综合的采购管理程序,

 

新供方开发程序涉及到的主要流程和单据 

 

保密协议,调查问卷用于了解供应商的基本情况-同时根据采购产品重要性的不同,分为不同的考评程序,这个要有采购产品分类的准则,(基本要求是分为重要产品和辅助产品,分类依据可以是产品的量,复杂程度,供应的多少等,根据询价后收到的报价的不同及对调查问卷的分析,要有个初评表(分析价格,质量,规模,技术水平等,比如SWOT分析),用于科学合理的从几家中选出一到两家来做现场评审,要有现场评审表 (采购质量生产一般要参加,个别也可以是质量一家,因为这个现场评审一般是由质量主导的),根据评审结果选定一到两家开发样品,样品合格后,采购协商签订一般采购条款,质保协议,行为规范等,样品合格后纳入合格供应商名录

另外一个现有供方管理的程序则涉及到供应商的退出机制,

供应商针对重要的有个年度的评审计划,根据计划来评审供应商,并做月度数据统计考评,

评审结果分级,最差的要有供应商的退出机制,一般情况下要把考评结果通知供应商并针对差的选项要求提供改善措施

 

第三个程序是正常的物料采购程序,拟定直接物料如何采购,间接物料如何采购,以及工装模具等,首先要界定的需求的来源,采购自己部能随便下单,要有采购申请单 (部门主管的批准)采购订单要由批准程序,

订单要求供应商有确认程序,最终付款要有批准程序

 

 

they have clear supplier selection procedure. But they do not follow it strictly , we did not find the evaluation record.

Have no produce of supplier management and AVL list.

Customer specific requirements are cascaded to all tier supply chain and deliverables of the tier X are validated/approved by tier 1.▪ Customer specific requirements are implemented at tier suppliers:

- technical specification of product,

- product and process specific standards & checks,

- procedures need to be applied (e.g.: PFMEA...),

- traceability, FIFO and labelling requirements.

▪ Tiered suppliers comply to product and process validation requirements.

▪ All the design and process changes are communicated, Managing Change requirements are applied. Tier X supplier production transfer needs to be managed.

 ▪ Tier suppliers capacity are confirmed for all the materials/components needed for assembled part.▪ An example of Request For Quotation. Does it contain customer specific requirements?

▪ Technical specifications forwarded to Tier X including list of critical characteristic (PCP).

▪ Check critical components product/process qualification files (sampling process).

▪ Example of management on a tier X process change.

▪ Check capacity confirmation for critical components.

采购部顾客要求是否传达给供应链,次级供应商的资质是否受到供应商的批准客户的要求被准确传达给供应商
包含:产品技术规范,检验规范和标准,可追溯,先进先出,标签系统
 所有涉及和过程变更被有效沟通,次级供应商的产能被评估所有次级供应商过程和设计变更提前通知并得到正式批准 :1分
次级供应商的关键零部件产能被评估 : 1分
客户的需求被全面有效的传递给次级供应商:可以查看客户需求的一个询价 :1分
 关键零部件的样品批准过程符合规范: 1分文件查阅确认一个询价的情况,是否包含了客户所有的技术参数?
技术参数是否被传达给次级供应商,包含关键特性?
检查关键零部件的确认过程
次级供应商过程变化的管理
 关键零部件的产能确认

The customer's requirement is transferred to the sub supplier by the drawings and purchase order. If there is any changes the sub supplier will inform them and get approval. 

They currently use the oral communication to transfer the request from customer to supplier

An incoming inspection Control Plan is established for each relevant supplied product, esp. for key/critical ones▪ Installation of an incoming inspection.

▪ An incoming inspection Control Plan and the related control standards as well as sampling rules are established for each key/critical supplies' product.

 ▪ Part inspection requirement including Pass Through is established and implemented for each supply.▪ Verify check frequence and dynamization (eg. skip lot).

▪ Check identification of material released for production after receiving.

▪ See a non-conformance found during incoming.

 ▪ Check incoming records for a component

进料检验

 对于关键零件有进料检验计划有进料检验计划并且抽样比例符合产品特点

 计划有明确的判定标准无检验计划 0分

有明确的计划但信息不全1分

检验计划信息齐全2分

有检验计划且执行良好3分

 有检验计划并且记录整齐,物料分区标志, 4分现场查阅证检验频次,和动态调整,例如跳批检验

检查已经检验合格品的标签标识

抽查一个零件的检验记录

 看下抽检发现的不合格品如何处理


质量部: 

产品的监视和测量:主要界定进货检验如何做,过程检验如何做,成品检验如果做,

质量部制定进货,过程和成品的检验规程,明确检验方法和抽样方案,判定依据和所用的设备等,进货产品的测量,放在待检区,仓管员填写验收单,品质部根据进料检验计划进行检验,填写进料检验报告等,并悬挂合格或者不合格标签,过程测量,各工序人员自检(可以无记录),检验员进行首件检验,巡检,和末件检验,填写相应的检验记录,巡检发现的不良按照不合格品程序处理,如果不良超过规定值,要按照纠正和预防措施程序处理,并填写异常质量跟踪表,在生产现场进行公示,并跟踪(跨部门沟通早会)

 

等最终检验,由检验员根据最终检验计划进行成品检验,并填写成品检验报告,合格时贴上合格标签,不合格时贴上不合格标志并返修,

they have clearly incoming inspection plan and also the inspected parts have different area to separate it with the labels. But for some parts, the inspection plan is not strictly followed.

Have no incoming work instruction, they inspect the material internal without any inspection records, have no sampling size and the inspection standard is not defined clear.

Procedure to manage all sort of changes (product | process | source), planned changes and emergency changes▪ A procedure to manage product | process | source | staff changes are defined and applied- both planned and emergency changes.

▪ A change form is utilized to document all changes and controlled through a Document Control Process (e.g. tracking log sheet, revision numbering system, approval process, etc.).

▪ All changes are managed like a project; responsibilities and milestones are defined, planning, activities and the deliverables are established in agreement with the customer.

 ▪ All relevant changes need to be reviewed  by customer. Customer is informed in early phase to get approval before kick off as fixed in eg. QAA.▪ Check documentation of a design change and a process change:

- organization (project team) & milestones,

- planning and evidence of reviews,

- product validation / sampling process

- tool to ensure traceability of modifications (e.g. product lifecycle chronology).

▪ FIFO is kept

 ▪ Evolution of data system such as MRP system, storage management software, EDI server must be consider as major changes.Ask for availability of signed QAA (quality assurance agreement)

工程部

 关于变更的管理,涉及到产品,过程,和资源,计划的变更和紧急的变更有程序关于产品,过程,资源,员工等发生预期和紧急的变更。

有个正式的表单来管理和记录变更,比如版本系统,批准程序

所有变更类似项目进行管理,例如职责,时间点被界定,计划,行动,可交付成果取得客户同意

所有变更都要和客户沟通批准,在开始变更前要通知客户,一般会写在质保协议中

有正式的程序来管理变更1分

有合适的表单来做记录 1分

变更前客户有批准 的证据 1分

 变更有产品验证的过程 1分文件查阅检查一个设计和过程变更的例子,是否有文件支持,包含:

项目组织和时间点:

计划和证据

产品验证和样品承认,

变更的追踪:例如模具寿命记录

先进先出,ERP系统是否调整,EDI 是否更新,模具保证追溯到变更的节点

 Ask for availability of signed QAA


工程部 -工程变更管理程序

主要有工程变更评审单,变更评审,成本变化,客户批准,变更执行,变更验证,

 

变更输入: 变更分析包括材料成本,人工成本,工艺,检测设备,等,然后销售报价,客户批准,

 

变更评审包括作业指导书,工装治具,新材料,

计划部门评审 更改前的产品和原材料数量,产线统计在线的产品,系统的维护,bom,routing等,检验指导书,控制计划,工装图纸,产线员工培训,

通知客户变更日期,变更验证,由质量对首件进行验证,变更后在外箱上贴变更通知标志,变更发起人对PCN 执行状态检查,每月检查一次,并关闭, 有涉及到PCN单,pcn汇总清单

they have a change management procedure to manage all the changes for the product , process ,and source. We could see the record , this change will be verified by different functions.

Their boss is handle the engineering change, but without any records.

Maintenance organization and strategy are established (covers all machines, tools, devices, equipment and facilities on the site)▪ Maintenance process is formalized and covers all the machines, tools, devices, equipment and facilities on the site. It includes preventive and corrective maintenance.

▪ A system for managing, planning, organizing and monitoring maintenance operations is set.

▪ Resources are available during all production period and outside production period to ensure non critical maintenance operations (e.g.: preventive maintenance).

▪ Suitable maintenance facilities and equipment are available.

▪ Fast communication between production and maintenance is assured.

▪ A process is in place to improve production output. It is based on analysis of operational availabilities, operators suggestions, 6-sigma technics etc.

 ▪ Approach to standardize equipment (e.g.: using same filter, same interfaces to tools etc.).▪ Check if preventive maintenance is planned, documented, regularly followed and periodically reviewed.

▪ Corrective maintenance is carried out according to production priorities.

▪ Check if a list of critical spare parts is determined, managed and regularly updated.

▪ Spare part tracking system is combined with maintenance system.

 ▪ Customer specific tools are managed to preserve tool condition till end of their lifetime.▪ List of customer tools

设备维修

 所有机器,工装,设备,厂房等都有一个维修保养组织和策略维护过程被规范,并且覆盖到所有相关设备,包含预防性维护和纠正性维护

有个系统来管理,计划,组织,监控维修活动

有资源来做维修保养

生产和保养部门的快速沟通畅通

有一个提高产出的机制存在,给予分析操作过程,操作员建议,6sigma

 设备标准化的措施,例如使用同样的滤芯,同样的模座等无保养计划(预防性的和纠正性)0分

有保养计划 但无实施 1分

有保养计划预而且实施 2分

有保养计划并有关键备件清单 3分

有保养计划并能追踪到关键备件的寿命管理,同时有设备标准化的措施 4分

现场查阅检查是否有预防性的维护计划,被周期性的审阅,和实施

纠正性的维护根据生产优先级进行实施

检查是否有关键备品备件清单,并及时更新

维护系统中包含备件追踪的信息

 客户寄存的工具要被保养-客户工具清单


生产部的程序

生产和服务控制程序

这个程序主要界定生产和服务的过程,这个输入时上面设计和开发的输出,包含必要的工艺文件,作业指导书,检验规程等,同时由于是进入到量产,可能需要更多的资源和设备,所以涉及到设备维护,点检,购买,确认,有的把这个放到了采购管理程序中,这个时候牵涉到把样品的文件转化为量产的文件,生产部要编制生产计划,确定生产设备的配置,下发生产工单,根据工单准备原材料,走物料收发流程,进行首件检验,同时确认标志,定义过程自检和巡检,产品流转时要有产品流程卡,直至产品入库,同时定义产品的包装,标志卡等提示产品的状态,比如待生产,已完成,料废,

 

这个程序界定了要生产需要得到的输入,界定如何确认这个产品或者服务的过程,重点在于过程二字,关键和特殊过程:比如对安全,寿命有影响,成为关键过程,难以检测的就是特殊过程,这个两类过程是必须界定的,原则上必须有相应的作业指导书,以及设备的能力评估,操作人员的资质来证明他的可靠,另外界定了顾客财产的管理,以及产品防护 : 仓库的储存,中间的搬运,包装的控制,仓库储存规范,收发料作业指导,包装作业指导,

 

 

就是说这个输出无法通过后续的测量直观控制时就必须控制过程来保证质量,要包含 这个设备时认可的,操作的人也是认可的,有需要的记录,

 

6.3 基础设施; 这个一般包含在厂务这一块,设计到设备的维修保养,考察几个点:设备清单,设备点检表,设备履历卡(包含维修记录),报废申请单,维保计划,易损件备品备件清单,设备维修记录表,

We could see the maintaince plan for the machining device , and also daily checklist . But it is not implemented well. For the maintaince plan, some devices we do not know if it is maintained as plan or not. For the daily check list , we find some machines is not checked according the list.

No daily check list for the machines and no maintained plan for the machines.