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The word is derived from the Greek oikos, meaning "home". Ecology might therefore be thought of as the study of the "home life" of living organisms. A les vague definition was suggested by Krebs: "Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms." Notice that Krebs' definition does not use the word "environment"; to see why, it is necessary to define the word. The environment of an organism consists of all those factors and phenomena outside the organism that influence it, whether these are physical and chemical (abiotic) or other organisms (biotic). The "interactions" in Krebs' definition are, of course, interactions with these very factors. The environment therefore retains the central position that Haeckel gave it. Krebs' definition has the merit of pinpointing the ultimate subject matter of ecology: the distribution and abundance of organisms — where organisms occur, how many occur there, and why. "Ecology"这个词来自希腊语“oikos”,意思是“家”,因此“生态学”可理解为是关于生物体“家庭生活”的研究。Krebs(1972)给出了一个相对明确的定义:“生态学是关于决定有机体分布和多度的相互作用的科学研究”。注意Krebs的定义中没有用“环境”这个词。为什么呢?对环境进行定义是必要的。一个有机体的环境包括有机体本身之外的所有对其产生影响的那些因子和现象,不管这些因子和现象是物理和化学的方面(非生物的)还是其他有机体方面(生物的)。Krebs的定义中的“相互作用”自然是指与这些因子之间的相互作用。因此环境保留了Haeckel赋予它的核心位置。Krebs的定义明确指出了生态学要研究的本质内容是“有机体的分布和多度”有机体从何而来,有多少以及相关原因。【缺少答案,请补充】