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Is it really true that women can't read maps? How is it that women can chat for hours, while men never listen to a word they say? When it comes to the differences between men and women, it is impossible to tell where truth ends and stereotyping begins. However, there is one difference that is certainly true. ______ Can it be true that being a man is bad for you? One big difference between men and women comes from the hormones testosterone and oestrogen. Men have more of the former and women more of the latter. Testosterone is the hormone that makes men look the way they are. It creates body hair and muscle. It also causes baldness, but a little hair loss means small punishment for a stronger, faster body. Except for one other thing. Testosterone does strange things to men's minds. ______ It is no accident that men enjoy physical, extreme sports. Men are also more likely to be involved in violent behaviour. They seek conflict where women try to create harmony. All this means that men find themselves in dangerous situations much more than women, and they are more likely to die in accidents, for example, than women are. On the other hand, having higher oestrogen levels is definitely an advantage for women. Oestrogen has many positive effects, but one in particular is that it protects the heart. So women are much less likely to suffer from heart disease. But can we really blame nature for everything? Surely, we're not just victims of biology, forced to play out a script that has already been written? There are, after all, many men who do live to a ripe old age, and live healthy independent lives into their nineties. How have they managed to live so well? There are other things happening here. ______ Men are much more likely to live unhealthily: drinking alcohol and smoking are two male habits that can shorten life expectancy. The situation isn't helped by the male enthusiasm for red meat and fried food. ______ They are much more aware of health and illness, and are used to regular visits to the doctor. Men, by contrast, often avoid seeking professional medical advice until the last minute, which is not to be advised. ______ Being a man is much more dangerous. So when your father, brother or son is suffering from a nasty bout of man-flu, remember to give him all the care he needs. Sometimes, it's hard to be a man!
In 2007 Jeremy Marie set out to live his dream of going around the world by the means of transport he calls 'the most social', in other words, hitchhiking. His preparations included planning a route and setting up his website. He travels light, but he carries a backpack which contains the essential things for his journey. Before they saw him off, his friends warned him that it would be difficult, even impossible to hitchhike around the world. If he had listened to them, he would never have left his home country, France. For most people, hitchhiking means hanging around at the side of the road and holding your thumb out. This does not always work, as Jeremy quickly found out. In some countries people consider it rude. In other places, if there is no traffic, a hitchhiker will wait for hours. So Jeremy often goes to petrol stations to look for lifts, or tries to catch a driver's attention as he slows down or stops at traffic lights or crossroads. The most difficult countries to find a lift were Italy, where he often had to wait for hours, and the USA, where hitchhiking is actually against the law in many states. The easiest places to get a lift, Jeremy says, were the Sudan and Syria. Generally he had little trouble in Africa. If the country is poor, people seem more open to picking up strangers. Also if there are few tourists, a foreigner like Jeremy will make local people curious. Most of the time, if he is in the right place, one of the first ten vehicles will stop. For Jeremy hitchhiking is a means of transport which helps him to understand the world a little better. He says, 'If you are in a small place with a person, it encourages you to talk to them and you learn from this conversation. If you hitchhike, you can meet all kinds of people who may be rich, poor or unemployed. Everyone has their own opinion about their country, which they are keen to share with a curious traveller.' In some countries, where there are almost no private cars, Jeremy has travelled in trucks, on little home-made vehicles, on tractors and even on a donkey. Often he meets other foreigners who are exploring the same country. In Italy, an Australian who rescued him from a long wait in the rain took him on a tour of the country in his camper van for several days! If there is a road, there will usually be vehicles. But what happens if there is no road and he has to cross a lake, a sea or an ocean? The most difficult lifts were those which needed a boat. It sometimes took him weeks to hitch a ride on a boat. He couldn't get a lift unless the captain agreed. After travelling in over a thousand vehicles, Jeremy is still on the road, and still excited at every new lift he gets. Each time a driver pulls up and invites him into his vehicle, it is the start of a new adventure.【缺少答案,请补充】
The first zoo is believed to have been in Egypt in around 3500 BC. Early collections of animals on display often belonged to royalty. Until the late twentieth century, the main purpose of zoos was for entertainment. They existed to give people the chance to see animals they could not see in the wild. In 1959, famous wildlife expert Gerald Durrell opened the first zoo which put conservation of animals first. Nowadays zoos' aims are: conservation, education, entertainment, in that order. Modern zoos try to get a balance between providing safe, comfortable homes for the animals and opportunities for visitors to see animals in natural surroundings. Zoos now share their knowledge and support each other. The World Association for Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) works to educate people about animal welfare and conservation. It also helps to coordinate breeding programmes. From the 1990s, zoos began to see their main role as saving the most threatened species. Each zoo focuses on a small number of species. The Siberian tiger and the orangutan are two species that have been saved through breeding programmes run by zoos. For example, in 2005 there were between 331 and 393 Siberian tigers in the Russian Far East. By 2015, there were 562. The tigers were helped to breed under the Species Survival Plan of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Often the aim is to reintroduce endangered species into their natural habitats. In Indonesia, Borneo Orangutan Rescue teaches orangutans how to live in the wild. When they are ready, they are: taken to protected forests to live naturally. Now that we have a better understanding of animals, zoos try to recreate natural habitats of animals as accurately as possible. For example, polar bears live in a plain, white open space. Zoos try to provide 'enrichment' for the animals to improve their wellbeing. This includes climbing frames, feeding puzzles, unusual objects and different types of food. It allows animals to behave in a normal way, such as scratching, climbing, digging and solving problems. Another type of enrichment is mixing up types of animal that would naturally mix in the wild. Colchester Zoo in England has a 'kingdom of the wild' paddock where several species live together. They have found positive changes to the behaviour of these animals as a result. Different types of technology are used to help create natural environments for animals. In Indianapolis Zoo in the United States, for example, there is a 'functional forest' called the Hutan Trail, a series of towers and cables 20 metres above the ground. This allows the orangutans to swing around the zoo as they would swing around the forest in their native Indonesia. Likewise, technology has been used to engage the public more with the animals. In many zoos there are webcams in some enclosures so visitors can keep up with their favourite animals between visits to the zoo. Zoos have moved on over the last few decades. They now play an important role in protecting animals and in making people more aware of the importance of animals. Zoos have made people aware that animals should not be over-hunted and that they play an important role in the ecology of the planet and in helping to maintain the balance of nature.【缺少答案,请补充】