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"Hi there. How's it going?" "Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?" "Well, I guess we can always use the rain." What's that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you're waiting for the elevator. Or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn't do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives. Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It's so powerful. It does something to you." "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don't make small connection with another person, I can't work." What causes it? As a rule, you're either trying to force something into your life, or you're using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaningful conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to be at the time. Take the elevator, for instance. Now there's prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there's no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. Making conversation in such peaceful social settings, according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It's a way of feeling liked and accepted." The topics of small talk don't matter. In fact, you don't want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It's non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when you're with lots of people doing lots of talking. Let's say you're at a party. Now it's time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so you don't look silly standing by the food table alone all night.【缺少答案，请补充】

"Small talk", as interpreted by the author, ________.

According to the author, small talk is often used ________.

According to the author, topics of small talk may include comments on ________.

Why is small talk described as "non-threatening talk in a threatening situation"?"

According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of ________.

Man finds living together with his own species difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that gets in our way. Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species, it is heavily biased in our favour. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed. Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in the fact that the bias is still there — the dog cannot whistle for the man. But now comes news of a piece of research that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species. At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated conversations are being held with a young female chimpanzee called Washoe. Allen and Beatrice Gardner have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.【缺少答案，请补充】

According to the writer, when man finds it impossible to live together with other species, he usually ________.

According to the writer, we communicate with animals in an attempt to ________.

The writer implies that the shepherd's whistle language is still biased because ________.

Allen and Beatrice Gardner managed to communicate with the chimpanzee by ________.

It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A is for always getting to work on time. B is for being extremely busy. C is for the conscientious way you do your job. You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics. Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics-a better job, a raise, praise-many people are still unable-or unwilling-to "play the game." "People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behaviour," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives from the word 'polite'. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return." In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behaviour used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment-not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well. "The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on

"Office politics" (Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________."

To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.

Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Para. 5)?

The author considers office politics to be __________.

It is the author's view that __________.

A report from the Pew Research Centre released last week shows that marriage has undergone significant changes over the last several decades as women's earning power and education developed more quickly than that of their husbands. While men and women still may be getting used to the shift, the overall effect seems to be positive. Men are taking on more housework and women are earning more outside the home, and—surprise!—divorce rates are dropping. "Women no longer need to marry up educationally or economically, so they are more likely to pick men who support a more egalitarian relationship," says Stephanie Coontz, author of Marriage, A History: How Love Conquered Marriage. The divorce rate peaked in the late 1970s, at 23 divorces per 1 000 couples, according to the Times. But it has since dropped: There are fewer than 17 divorces per 1 000 marriages today. And, according to a recent report, typically, women with economic independence and education are more likely to stay married. And, get this: In states where fewer wives have paid jobs, divorce rates are higher. While the earnings gap has yet to close completely, women aged 30 to 44 now make up the majority of US college graduates, and their earnings grew 44 percent from 1970 to 2007, according to the Pew study. That's compared to a six percent growth in earnings for men over the same time period. However, don't get too excited, ladies—research shows that you still bear most of the household responsibilities in spite of your earning power. The University of Wisconsin's National Survey on Households and Families shows that among working couples, women still do two-thirds of the housework. The good news, though, is that men are now spending more time with their kids. The same survey reveals that the amount of time dads spend with their children has increased by three times.【缺少答案，请补充】

The big changes in marriage are mainly caused by the fact that __________.

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