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Growing up,I heard the word genius a lot. It was always my dad who brought it up.He liked to say,"You know,you're no genius!"I don't remember how I responded.Maybe I pretended not to hear. I wasn't the only problem.My dad didn't think my brother was a genius,either.By his standards,none of us measured upto Einstein.Apparently,this was a great disappointment.Dad worried that this would limit what we'd eventually achieve in life. Two years ago,I was fortunate enough to be awarded a MacArthur Fellowship,sometimes called the "genius grant"It is an award given by a secret committee that includes the top people in your field and decides you're doing important and creative work. I was surprised and grateful.Meanwhile,I had time to think about the situation.A girl who is told repeatedly that she's no genius ends up winning an award for being one.The award goes to her because she has discovered that what we eventually achieve may depend more on our great interest and perseverance than on our inborn talent.She has by then obtained degrees from some pretty tough schools,but in the third grade,she didn't test high enough for the gifted program.Her parents are Chinese immigrants(移民),but she didn't get lectured on the greatness of hard work. The morning the MacArthur was announced,my dad said to me,"I'm proud of you."I had so much to say in response,but instead I just said,"Thanks,Dad." I knew that my dad was proud of me.Still,part of me wanted to travel back in time to when I was a young girl.I'd tell him what I know now.end I would say,"Dad,you think I'm no genius.I won't argue with that.You know plenty of people who are smarter than I am."I can imagine his head nodding in agreement. "But let me tell you something.I'm going to grow up to love my work as much as you love yours.I'll challenge myself every day.When I get knocked down,I'll get back up.I may not be the smartest person in the room,but I'll try my best to be the grittiest. And if he was still listening:"Over time,Dad,grit may matter more than talent."【缺少答案,请补充】
Recently,researchers have been getting more and more interested in the role that mental motivation plays in academic achievement---sometimes called "grit"or"growth mindset."Jordan Peterson,a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto,Canada,wondered whether writing could be shown to have some effect on student motivation.He created an undergraduate course called Maps of Meaning.In it,students complete a set of writing exercises that combine expressive writing with goal-setting. Students remember and examine important moments in their past,find out key personal motivations and create plans for the future,including particular goals and techniques to overcome obstacles.Peterson calls the two parts "past authoring"and "future authoring. "It completely turned my life around,"says Christine Brophy,who,as an undergraduate several years ago,was battling drug abuse(滥用)and health problems and was going to drop out.After taking Peterson's course at the University of Toronto,she changed her major.Today she is a doctoral student and one of Peterson's main research assistants. In an early study at McGill University in Montreal,the course showed a powerful positive effect with at-risk students,reducing the number of students who drop out and increasing academic achievement. Peterson is seeking a larger audience for what he has called "self-authoring."He started a for-profit company and is selling a curriculum(课程设置)online.Brophy and Peterson have found a receptive audience in the Netherlands. At the Rotterdam School of Management,a shortened form of self-authoring has been required for all first-year students since 2011.(These are undergraduates---they choose majors early in Europe). The latest paper,published in June,compares the performance of the first complete class of first,year students to use self-authoring with that of the three previous classes. Overall,the "self -authoring"students greatly improved the number of credits (学分)earned and their probability of staying in school.And after two years,group differences based on race in performance among the students had almost disappeared. The ethnic minorities (少数民族)in question made up about one-fifth of the students.They are first-and second-generation immigrants from non-Western backgrounds---Africa,Asia and the Middle East. While the history and effect of race-related problems are different from those in the United States,the Netherland still struggles with large differences in wealth and educational achievement among majority and minority groups.【缺少答案,请补充】
The boy has gone off to college now.And here I am,left with all the peace and quiet I have learned not to miss. I was not a man who wished for children.It seemed quite opposite to the idea of human happiness.I was single most of my life,and parenthood was something that caused other people to suffer.I watched it from a distance,and trembled with horror. When they were small,children seemed to scream for no apparent reason.23.As teenagers,they seemed to lose all sanity(神智正常),with moods(情绪)changing back and forth,while listening to music with more bad language than my uncles used when drunk.In between babyhood and high school graduation (if their parents were lucky),they were mostly just unclean. Then one entered my life. I did not plan on him.He just came in the package,like the ninth piece of chicken in an eight-piece box,and,in time,made me pay for all the happiness I had enjoyed. He was 11 when he appeared,past the screaming years and before the age where everything that fell from my mouth was considered stupid.I got him in the unclean years,when I tried to avoid close contact with him because I was never quite certain where he had been.This is the child who once licked spaghetti sauce off the underside of his arm.No more needs to be said. When he discovered girls he got much cleaner,but suddenly I was unfit to be around.I always said the wrong thing,or too loud a thing.When he had a girl over,I had to go to whatever room he was farthest from. "I used to be cool,"I said."Some people think I still am." He gave me a pitying look.So did his mom. And now he is gone to college and I miss him,which is how I know there is indeed a God and He is good at playing tricks,and knows how to make a man pay for his transgressions(罪过). He remembers that long ago I felt annoyed in my airplane seat,thinking over and over that the screaming baby behind me should've been left at home,even if it meant her grandparents wouldn't see her until Christmas. I am not alone in this sadness in our house,in this empty nest.I barely even had a nest,before it was empty,though I guess I have no one to blame but me.His mom misses him,too,of course.Even the dog misses him. The dog loved the boy.Woody Bo met him every day at the door after school,knowing he was home because every time the boy locked his car,it gave a short,quick honk(喇叭声). Woody who is too fat to jump (usually),shot into the air at the sound,destroying furniture on a mad dash to the door.A dog should love his boy,I suppose. His world is in pieces now.The boy has been gone for months.The dog will not even go in his room -not one time since he left.Recently,my wife had to use the boy's car and,unsure if she had locked it,aimed the remote control(遥控)thing at the window and pressed "lock."The horn gave its quick honk,and the dog shot into the air and raced to the door,his tail wagging(摇). He sat there a long time. I guess I know how he feels.【缺少答案,请补充】