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Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behaviors.心理学家现在认为噪音对人们的态度和行为有相当大的影响。 Experiments have proved that in noisy situations temporarily, people tend to lose temper and are less cooperative;in more permanent noisy situations, many people can not work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems.实验证明,在暂时嘈杂的环境中,人们容易发脾气,不太愿意合作;在更长期的嘈杂环境中,许多人无法努力工作,他们遭受着严重的焦虑和其他心理问题。 However, psy chologists distinguish between"sound"and"noise".然而,心理学家区分了"声音"和"噪音"。"sound" is measured physically in decibels. "声音"的物理测量单位是分贝。"Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of"intensity"depends on the situation."噪音"不能用同样的方法测量,因为它指的是声音的心理效应,它的"强度"取决于具体情况。 Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise (that is, they are not bothered by the noise).因此,对于预料到会听到飞机起飞和降落的机场乘客来说,可能会有很多声音,但不会有很多噪音(也就是说,他们不会被噪音所困扰)。By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are taking noisily even if there is not much sound.相比之下,如果你在一场音乐会中,你身后的两个人在窃窃私语,你会觉得他们的声音很大,即使没有什么声音。You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.你注意到噪音是因为它会影响你的心理。Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is whether the person has control over the sound.声音和噪音都有负面影响,但最重要的是人是否能控制声音。【缺少答案,请补充】
The pursuit of lasting happiness has long been a subject of interest for scientists and surveys alike.长久以来,追求持久的幸福一直是科学家和调查人员感兴趣的话题。But what make us really happy and what lasting benefits does happiness have?但是,是什么让我们真正快乐,快乐又有什么持久的益处呢? Earlier this month, scientists from the University of Illinois found the people who are happy and positive about life live longer.本月初,伊利诺伊大学的科学家们发现,那些对生活持乐观态度的人更长寿。The researchers found clear and compelling(令人信服的) evidence that happiness is key when it comes to better health and longer lifespan.(2) 研究人员发现明确和令人信服的证据,幸福是关键,当涉及到更好的健康和更长的寿命。Last month a British study, which tracked members of 40,000 households across the country, concluded that eating a family meal at least three times a week is the key to happiness(4) because it helps build a strong bond between parents and their children.上个月,英国的一项研究对全国4万户家庭成员进行了跟踪调查,得出的结论是,每周至少三次与家人共餐是幸福的关键,因为这有助于在父母和孩子之间建立起牢固的纽带。 But happiness might be decided when you are born.但是幸福可能在你出生的时候就决定了。Names can apparently predict how happy we are as individuals,(5) with researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University claiming that people called Judy and Joshua enjoy the life most.名字显然可以预测我们作为个体的快乐程度, 曼彻斯特城市大学的研究人员称,叫朱迪和乔舒亚的人最享受生活。Ben, Andrew and Edward are seen as miserable names on the other hand.另一方面,本、安德鲁和爱德华则被视为悲惨的名字。 Married couples are most likely to be happy with their relationships, according to the study.根据这项研究,已婚夫妇最可能对他们的关系感到满意。A study from Stony Brook University, New York, found that stress, anger and worry fade after your 50th.纽约州立大学石溪分校的研究发现,50岁之后,压力、愤怒和担忧都会消失。Women were also reported to suffer greater stress, worry and sadness at all ages.据报道,女性在各个年龄段都承受着更大的压力、担忧和悲伤。 Money makes the world go round, but it is not the key to happiness, according to other studies.钱能使世界运转,但其他研究表明,钱并不是幸福的关键。In 2008, a survey found that British families were healthier and twice as well-off as they were 20 years ago, but were not happier.2008年的一项调查发现,英国家庭成员更健康,比20年前富有了一倍,但并没有更幸福。However, other studies have found money can buy you happiness after all, but only if you spend it wisely.(1)然而,其他研究发现,金钱毕竟可以买到幸福,但只有在你明智花钱的时候。Indeed, that might be why a good holiday can boost your happiness levels"for up to two months"after although the break has to be "very relaxing"to have such an effect.事实上,这可能就是为什么一个好的假期"在之后的两个月"可以提高你的幸福水平——尽管假期必须"非常放松"才会有这样的效果。 A study from Stony Brook University, New York, found that happiness begins at 50. (3)研究还表明,幸福始于50岁。【缺少答案,请补充】
In the late summer of 2005, the remarkable flooding brought by Hurricane Katrina, which caused more than $200 billion in losses, was the worst natural disaster in U. S. history.(5)2005年夏末, 卡特里娜飓风带来的特大洪水造成了2000多亿美元的损失, 是美国历史上最严重的自然灾害。However, even in typical years, flooding causes billions of dollars in damage and threatens lives and property in every State.然而,即使在正常年份,洪水也会在每个州造成数十亿美元的损失并威胁生命和财产。 Natural processes, such as hurricanes and weather systems can cause floods.自然过程,如飓风和天气系统可以导致洪水。Failure of levees and dams and inadequate drainage in urban areas can also result in flooding.在城市地区,堤坝的倒塌和排水系统的不完善也会导致洪水。On average, floods kill about 140 people each year and cause $6 billion in property damage.平均而言,洪水每年造成约140人死亡,并造成60亿美元的经济损失。Although loss of life to floods during the past half-century has declined, mostly because of improved warning systems, economic losses have continued to rise due to increased urbanization and coastal development(4)虽然在过去半个世纪中,洪水造成的生命损失有所减少,主要是由于预警系统的改善,但由于城市的增长和沿海地区的发展, 经济损失继续上升。 Flooding happens during heavy rains, when rivers overflow, when ocean waves come onshore, when snow melts too fast or when dams or levees break.洪水发生在暴雨、河流泛滥、海浪涌向海岸、冰雪融化过快或堤坝决堤的时候。Flooding may be only a few inches of water or it may cover a house to the rooftop.洪水可能只有几英寸深,也可能淹没整个房子。Floods that happen very quickly are called flash floods.发生得很快的洪水叫做骤发洪水。Flooding is the most common of all natural hazards.(1)洪水是所有自然灾害中最常见的。It can happen in every U. S. state and territory.它可能发生在美国的每个州和地区。 And here is something else for you:(2)还有另外的事要告诉你: •Flood Watch or Flashflood Watch-Flooding may happen soon.洪水观察或骤发洪水观察-洪水可能很快就会发生。Stay tuned to the radio or television news for more information.请继续收听广播或电视新闻以获取更多信息。If you hear a flashflood warning, talk to an adult immediately!(3)如果你听到洪水警报, 立即和成年人交谈! Flood warning-You may be asked to leave the area.洪水警告—你可能会被要求离开该地区。A flood may be happening or will be very soon.洪水可能正在发生,也可能很快就会发生。Tell an adult if you hear a flood warning.如果你听到洪水警报,告诉一个成年人。If you have to leave the area, remember to bring your Disaster Supply Kit and make arrangements for your pets.如果你不得不离开这个地区,记得带上你的应急包, 为你的宠物做好安排。 Flashflood Warning-A flashflood is happening.骤发洪水警报。骤发洪水正在发生。Get to high ground right away.马上到高地去。Tell an adult!告诉一个成年人!【缺少答案,请补充】