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A pioneer project will send a tiny wooden satellite into orbit later this year, with the aim to find out if reusable materials are suitable for space exploration. The satellite, called Woodsat, is just 10 centimeters square. Getting to orbit is only part of the adventure. Once it's there, a research team will monitor the little satellite to see how it stands up to cold, heat, and the vacuum of space. A Woodsat test model has already had a ride into the stratosphere on a weather balloon earlier this year. The main goal of this short flight was to use the systems and camera equipment of the satellite in space-like conditions. The flight lasted under three hours. The test model came out just fine and the camera worked as expected. Woodsat is officially scheduled to be launched in New Zealand this fall. If it performs well, Woodsat could make scientists take a new look at wood as a possible material for use in space.【缺少答案，请补充】

Brian Campbell began his career as a high school science teacher. Today his passion for teaching science helps him lead citizen science and education efforts aimed at reaching the wider society. In his role as Senior Earth Science Specialist at NASA, Campbell's work reaches people from around the world, through various science programs and education efforts. One of the programs, the GLOBE Observer, allows citizen scientists around the world to collect data that students and scientists can use, including observations of clouds, trees, land cover, and even mosquito habitats. Campbell also analyzes data from satellites and makes Earth science understandable to people of different ages and learning styles. "Every year, I work with students from more than 100 countries by teaching them about the latest Earth science, leading hands-on discovery of science, and showing the science they do and learn every day," Campbell said. "I also love learning about all the new space missions and what they will study." Campbell's advice to young people interested in science is to follow their passions and not be afraid of failure.【缺少答案，请补充】

A defining characteristic of the modern space age is many more countries and commercial space sectors are taking part than ever before. Among the most well-known space agencies around the world are NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the U.S.; Roscosmos, the Russian Federal Space Agency; and CNSA, the China National Space Administration. The U.S., Russia and China are also the only three countries that have sent astronauts into space and built a space station. However, going to space is a planet-sized effort, not limited to certain countries. Other countries have been building space agencies and running space programs, too. Here are another three major space agencies currently in operation. First, ESA, the European Space Agency. It is an intergovernmental organization with a total of 22 member states who work together to set the agenda for space exploration. Established in 1975, ESA has the third largest budget of all space agencies around the world. The organization is based in Paris. Second, ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization. It was established in 1962 and is headquartered in Bangalore. ISRO is one of the earliest state space agencies in existence. India has big plans for the future, and ISRO aims to develop a reusable launch vehicle and the capacity for human space flight soon. Third, JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. It is located in Tokyo. JAXA was formed in 2003 by combining several other agencies into one. It manages a lot of different projects related to space exploration and telecommunications. It has a special interest in asteroid exploration.【缺少答案，请补充】

Have you ever listened to the sun? Thanks to data from ESA and NASA, now you can. Based on over 20 years of work, scientists have now made it possible for us to listen to the sun's eruptions, waves and other activities. Scientists have been using a specially designed observatory to measure vibrations from the sun. They have found that the sun makes a low sound similar to the beating of the heart. To produce the "song" of the sun, scientists processed 40 days of data. They removed effects from the spaceship's movement, selected clean sound waves that would be clearer to hear, and sped the data up to bring it up to the range which can be heard by humans. But scientists have discovered more than these sounds. They have also been able to see huge rivers of material from the sun flowing around. They are finally starting to understand the structure of the sun and how complex it is. The simple sound gives them a way of looking inside the star. "I think that's a pretty cool thing," a researcher on the project said in a statement. Up to now, scientists still don't have straightforward ways to look inside the sun. They don't have a device to zoom inside it. But using the sun's vibrations allows them to do that. With similar methods, they can also observe and study other stars.【缺少答案，请补充】

On the morning of February 27, the Qimingxing-1 micro-nano satellite developed by Wuhan University was launched into orbit by the Long March-8 Y2 rocket at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province. It was hailed as the first satellite in the country developed mostly by students. Carrying a total of 22 satellites on board, the Long March-8 Y2 also set a new record in China for the number of satellites sent into space by a single rocket. Qimingxing-1 is a micro-nano satellite that weighs just 19.2 kg. It will provide early warnings related to the environmental monitoring of Hubei's water resources and function as an integrated space laboratory platform for scientific research and applications. The satellite was developed over a three-year period by a team of teachers and students from Wuhan University. More than 50 students from an undergraduate to doctoral level participated in its design, development and testing.【缺少答案，请补充】

Thomas: Emma, have you thought about why we should contribute so much money and effort to space programs? I mean there are so many problems we still need to solve on Earth ... Emma: Well, I used to have similar doubts, but not anymore. Thomas: What made you change your mind? Emma: A documentary series on space exploration that I watched. Now I am fully convinced that space exploration is worthwhile. Thomas: Really? What have you learned? Tell me about it. Emma: OK. Did you know that space exploration has led to many new innovations that are crucial to the modern world? For example, heart pumps, the LASIK eye surgery, air purifiers, and even the tiny camera in your smartphone came about because space agencies were trying to solve the problems astronauts faced in space. Thomas: Heart pumps? Do you mean space exploration helped create life-saving medical treatment, too? Emma: Yes. And, can you imagine a life without Internet access, weather forecasts, or GPS? Without all the satellites orbiting the Earth right now, we would have to lead a life without them all. Thomas: Well, I guess I cannot. I just didn't realize that they are associated with space exploration. Emma: One more thing you need to consider is that if an asteroid impacts the Earth, all the social and environmental progress in the world won't help us. We have to explore space if we want to make sure we can defend our planet if an object ever heads our way! Thomas: Fair enough, Emma. I now agree that space exploration is worthwhile!【缺少答案，请补充】

Space tourism might be the dream of many people, but a journey to space is not as easy as simply buying some tickets at a travel search engine. It is only reserved for the privileged few that can afford the cost. One of the most impressive options available now is the one offered by Space Adventures, a U.S.-based travel agency. The trip starts a few months in advance with intensive training dealing mainly with zero-gravity operations, flight control, and survival activities. When the training is over, your space trip begins. The trip can be planned exactly according to your needs, whether you're going for scientific research, or simply for an adventure. One of the great things to do, even if it makes your space trip a lot more expensive, is that you can pay a visit to the International Space Station. You can live and work alongside professional astronauts for 10 days or more. Whatever option you choose, the only obstacle you might face is the cost. All the other requirements seem to be less than those for getting a visa to a foreign country. Generally, your height should be between 160 cm and 185 cm, your weight between 50 kg and 95 kg, and you should be in good health. Now you know space tourism is expensive, but exactly how much does it cost? Would you believe it costs an estimated $50 million for a ticket to orbit and visit the International Space Station?【缺少答案，请补充】

Global supply chain issues continue to cause headaches, and extreme weather events are causing projected price jumps among our favorite products, such as chocolate. The reasons behind this price increase are serious and could be long-term. Chocolate is typically made of cocoa beans, cocoa butter, milk and sugar, but half of those ingredients are experiencing a price increase at the moment. Experts say one main reason for that is climate change. For example, Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire of West Africa together produce around 65 percent of the worldwide cocoa supply. But it is estimated that by 2030 parts of West Africa will be too hot and dry to produce much cocoa. Other reasons include rising shipping costs, growing demand, and limited productivity of the small farms, where cocoa is cultivated in quantity. Luckily, almost everyone can still afford good chocolate. Even with the obvious price rises, there is no need for chocolate lovers to start panicking. The worldwide chocolate industry is also looking carefully at that situation.【缺少答案，请补充】

Hanna: So, next week I will have a debate in my finance class. Peter: Oh, really? What's your debate about? Hanna: Whether we should teach kids finance, things like investment and the stock market, tax, etc. Peter: OK, and what do you think of the topic? Hanna: I think it's really important that kids learn about things like this, particularly in our society these days. I mean, even when you're a kid, you may need to take care of your spending and manage your own finances. You can also invest if you want to and turn that investment into more money. Peter: But don't you think there will be a lot of consequences when you burden kids with financial responsibilities? I mean kids are kids after all. Shouldn't they be playing around instead of worrying about market crashes? Hanna: Well, they don't have to worry about stock market crashes, but I think it's good if they just know a little bit about them. Peter: But if they have all the information every time there's a drop in stock prices, they're going to become very upset. And you know, in doing so, you're giving kids too much to worry about. Hanna: So you think it's too early to start to teach kids about this kind of stuff? Peter: I think so, especially considering the fact that they don't even have an income. Hanna: What if they do have an income? Peter: Well, their income would just be pocket money, so I don't think they'll be investing any of that.【缺少答案，请补充】

Although many blockbusters these days are action movies or superhero movies, horror movies are still very popular. And many horror movies have had big commercial success with relatively humble budgets. But why would people spend almost two hours watching horror movies that make them sweat and scream in the first place? Researchers generally use two theories to explain why people like horror movies. The first is that instead of being afraid, people are actually excited by them. The second explanation is that they are willing to endure the terror in order to enjoy a sense of relief at the end. However, a new study appearing in the August issue of the Journal of Consumer Research argues that neither of those theories is correct. Both of those popular explanations assume that people cannot experience negative and positive emotions at the same time. Researchers of the new study think that is not true. They argue that horror-movie viewers are happy to be unhappy. This new approach reveals that people experience both negative and positive emotions when they watch horror movies — they may actually enjoy being scared, and not just the relief when the threat is removed. As researchers put it, "The most pleasant moments of a particular event may also be the most fearful." Researchers have developed a new method to track negative and positive feelings at the same time. Their method could apply to other experiences that seem to cause terror, such as extreme sports.【缺少答案，请补充】

movies are still very popular. And many horror movies have had big commercial success with relatively humble budgets. But why would people spend almost two hours watching horror movies that make them sweat and scream in the first place? Researchers generally use two theories to explain why people like horror movies. The first is that instead of being afraid, people are actually excited by them. The second explanation is that they are willing to endure the terror in order to enjoy a sense of relief at the end. However, a new study appearing in the August issue of the Journal of Consumer Research argues that neither of those theories is correct. Both of those popular explanations assume that people cannot experience negative and positive emotions at the same time. Researchers of the new study think that is not true. They argue that horror-movie viewers are happy to be unhappy. This new approach reveals that people experience both negative and positive emotions when they watch horror movies — they may actually enjoy being scared, and not just the relief when the threat is removed. As researchers put it, "The most pleasant moments of a particular event may also be the most fearful." Researchers have developed a new method to track negative and positive feelings at the same time. Their method could apply to other experiences that seem to cause terror, such as extreme sports.【缺少答案，请补充】

Hedy Lamarr might not be a household name today, but she played a major role in the invention of a common household facility — Wi-Fi. Today is the 109th anniversary of her birth. Lamarr was an actress and inventor who was born in 1914 in Austria. Her credits on screen are outstanding. She was certainly one of the biggest movie stars of the 1930s and 1940s, but it was her off-screen contributions that everyone in the world should thank her for. The Hollywood beauty decided to leave her movie career behind during World War II to help create a secret communication system that would help guide torpedoes. It was a frequency-hopping system that used piano keys to mask messages from the enemy. That system eventually led to the development of modern wireless communications — Wi-Fi networks and Bluetooth technology. Luckily, Lamarr was able to see some of the modern technology she helped invent. The actress died in 2000, the same year texting was introduced into the U.S.【缺少答案，请补充】

On Saturday night, a five-person team of the Chinese esports club, with the full name EDward Gaming, won the League of Legends (LoL) World Championship in Reykjavik, Iceland. The World Championship is the crowning event of all LoL esports every year where the best teams in the world compete for the championship title. The news had attracted 209 million viewers by Sunday morning. The livestreaming of the championship had more than 200 million viewers on two major smartphone apps, and the number was boosted by viewers on other channels. Esports have come a long way since the first competition held at Stanford University in 1972. In 2016, China's Ministry of Education recognized esports as a profession. In a recent survey, 65 percent of the Chinese people agreed that esports are a real sport. With more Chinese star gaming clubs and teams like EDward Gaming emerging, the esports industry is expected to prosper in China.【缺少答案，请补充】

Most entrepreneurs will tell you that starting a business is something they always felt destined to do. But a surprising number of "accidental" entrepreneurs, people who never in a million years thought they'd be running their own business, can be found among the self-employed. A study found that a third of business owners never planned on starting their own company. And in spite of the challenges they faced, from raising finance and finding customers to managing with little personal income, only 1% regretted their decision, while 12% wished they'd started their business sooner. Ninety percent said they were happier than when they had been employed. The idea of taking control is a big driver for people to work for themselves, and the ambition of having more impacts pushes "accidental" entrepreneurs to go further. Temi Kamson, a former teacher, now runs a social enterprise offering leadership programs aimed at helping young people achieve their academic and career goals. "I still have days when I miss teaching, but I think what I am doing now will have a far-reaching and deeper impact," she said.【缺少答案，请补充】

A 104-year-old woman from Kerala, India has passed a state literacy test — the Kerala State Literacy Test. Her name is Kuttiyamma and she only learned to read and write last year. Despite having just a year's tuition and being much older than the average pupil, Kuttiyamma did very well in the test, having achieved a score of 89 percent. Kerala's education minister congratulated her with a message posted online. "With the utmost love and respect, I wish Kuttiyamma the best," it says. The Kerala State has India's highest literacy rate at 96.2 percent and invests heavily in education. It has a strong focus on adult education, which Kuttiyamma benefited from. Her endeavors proved that age is just a number and that we can achieve anything when we put our mind to it. A state official said to reporters that Kuttiyamma is a role model and motivation to all women in adult education. Kuttiyamma says she will continue her studies to improve herself.【缺少答案，请补充】

Cathy: Hey, Bob, what's up? You look down. Bob: I'm ready to stop acting. Cathy: What? Why? You love acting. It's who you are. Bob: The thing is I have doubts about the choices I've made. I work at a restaurant and share a small apartment when other people my age are buying houses and raising kids. Cathy: But you had so much hope in the beginning. Bob: Maybe it was just a blind hope. It has been killed by cold reality. I cannot even pay my rent without doing other part-time jobs. Cathy: Well, many great actors didn't make it big till later in their life. Bob: Yeah, right. I was at an audition last Thursday. It all felt so right. I felt I could do it. But I have to earn a living. Cathy: You know, it doesn't have to be all or nothing. Bob: What do you mean by that? Cathy: You can find other jobs. But that doesn't mean you have to stop acting. Have other sources of income, and act whenever and however you can. Bob: But my parents say that I need to give up on acting. Maybe I should look for other possibilities. Cathy: Before you give up, ask yourself, do you really enjoy acting? Let your instincts tell you if you have the desire to pursue an acting career. Bob: Yeah, I do have the desire to act. I want to explore the depths of the human emotional experience. Cathy: There you are. You'll manage the ups and downs of a work life, but you will always be an actor. No one can take that from you. Not even yourself.【缺少答案，请补充】

"I've missed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I've lost almost 300 games. Twenty-six times, I've been trusted to make the game-winning shot and missed. I've failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed." Michael Jordan is one of the greatest athletes of all time, but like all great people, he also failed regularly. Watching Michael Jordan play basketball was like watching a man fly. His grace and talent were unmatched. Clearly he had a lifetime of training and incredible natural talent, but those weren't the only things that made him great. He also had a healthy relationship with failure. Like many great people in sports and business, he wasn't discouraged by failure. The shots he missed and the games that he lost didn't make him give up. He knew that failure was just another chance for him to improve. Many highly successful people in the world have this healthy relationship with failure. One of the world's most famous inventors, Thomas Edison, made thousands of attempts at creating a light bulb. He tried hundreds of materials for the light bulb filament, but there was always a problem. But he never gave up and never saw his failure as a failure. He just saw it as a step toward success. Edison once said, "I have not failed. I have merely found 10,000 ways that won't work." This attitude of seeing failure as a learning experience helped him persevere and eventually helped him find the perfect material for his invention of the light bulb.【缺少答案，请补充】

Many highly successful people in the world have this healthy relationship with failure. One of the world's most famous inventors, Thomas Edison, made thousands of attempts at creating a light bulb. He tried hundreds of materials for the light bulb filament, but there was always a problem. But he never gave up and never saw his failure as a failure. He just saw it as a step toward success. Edison once said, "I have not failed. I have merely found 10,000 ways that won't work." This attitude of seeing failure as a learning experience helped him persevere and eventually helped him find the perfect material for his invention of the light bulb.【缺少答案，请补充】

The Blue Defensive Line, the first documentary film about China's armed forces on overseas peacekeeping missions, has been released to mark the 30th anniversary of China's participation in U.N. peacekeeping operations. The film hit the big screen across the country on the day when China released a white paper on its participation in U.N. peacekeeping operations. The white paper is entitled "China's Armed Forces: 30 Years of U.N. Peacekeeping Operations". The documentary film features Chinese peacekeeping forces protecting local refugee camps in war-torn South Sudan. It is the first film of its kind to record the soldiers' lives, struggles and sacrifices. Having taken five years to shoot across China and Africa, the film presents a true and vivid account of how the Chinese "blue helmets" safeguard world peace and development. It also shows how they complete their missions and protect and interact with the local people.【缺少答案，请补充】