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The average income for each American a year during the 1960s was most likely in the neighborhood of ______.

Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity.

Directions: You are to write in no less than 100 words on the topic “Work and Play”. You could base your composition on the Chinese outline given below. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (根据以下信息写一篇作文，至少100个单词，在答题纸上作答。) 1. 有人认为应多工作。 2. 有人认为应多娱乐。 3. 我的看法。

Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate”. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex,” sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.” He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs—until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”【缺少答案，请补充】

The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is ______.

George Spilich’s experiment was conducted in such a way as to ______.

The word “bested” (Line 3, Para.5) most probably means ______.

Which of the following statements is true?

We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.

The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. The fact that the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation’s moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says. Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.【缺少答案，请补充】

Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ______.

The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ______.

Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?

In the 1950s, classroom violence ______.

According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ______.

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories (热量单位,大卡) in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.

Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by ______.

The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ______.

The passage tells us that ______.

It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ______.