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Biotechnology is contributing to high - yield aquaculture through transgenics-- moving genes from one species to another. For example, researchers introduce desirable genetic traits into fish, creating hardier breeds. Some fish species have a protein that allows them to survive in the water of the North Pole. By transplanting this antifreeze gene into other species, researchers have created more fish that can survive in extremely cold water. Biotechnologists are attempting to improve a wide range of genetic traits in fish used for aquaculture, developing fish that are larger and faster growing, more efficient in turning feed into muscle, more tolerant of low oxygen levels in the water, and better able to resist diseases. Researchers are also seeking plant - based sources of food to feed fish to replace fishmeal. The use of plant protein on fish farms could take some of the pressure off wild fish stocks and address the problem of phosphorous (磷的) pollution because plants do not contain high levels of phosphorus. While aquaculture provides a reliable source of protein, the industry is faced with environmental challenges. Perhaps the biggest concern is water pollution. Fish waste and uneaten food build up at farm sites and can float directly downstream into water supplies. In addition, aquaculture has low efficiency of using resources. Fish farms need protein feed, and about 17 percent of ocean fish, an overharvested wild resource, becomes food for farming fish. It is estimated that five kilograms of oceanic fish reduced into fishmeal are required to raise one kilogram of farmed ocean fish or shrimps, representing a large net protein loss.【缺少答案,请补充】
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