Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch  after  ground-breaking  research  showed  that   Shakespeare  does  benefit children's literacy and emotional development.But only if you act him out.

A  study  found  that  a  “rehearsal  room”approach  to  teaching  Shakespeare broadened children's vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy."The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,"Jacqui  O'Hanlon  of the Royal  Shakespeare  Company(RSC),which commissioned the study,said.

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils—aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”.They  were  split  into  target  and  control  groups  and  asked  to write,for  example,a  message  in  a  bottle  as  Ferdinand  after  the  shipwreck  in The Tempest.The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage.

The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary,used words "classed as more sophisticated or rarer",and wrote at greater length.They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control]group imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target]group put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character's emotion”.

The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on"desert island clichés"such as palm trees,target pupils were “more expansive [giving]a broader picture of the sky,the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.

O'Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target]children's writing”and that they were “more resilient in their writing,more hopeful”.She added:“The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process]where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you  do in drama is put yourself in different  shoes."The  study  showed  the  importance  of  embedding  the  arts  in education,she  said.

But  could  the results be replicated with  any  old  dramatist?O'Hanlon  said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words,compared with the everyday 2,000 words,gave a “massive expansion of language into children's lives”,which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.

21.The “rehearsal room”approach requires pupils to            

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch  after  ground-breaking  research  showed  that   Shakespeare  does  benefit children's literacy and emotional development.But only if you act him out.

A  study  found  that  a  “rehearsal  room”approach  to  teaching  Shakespeare broadened children's vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy."The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,"Jacqui  O'Hanlon  of the Royal  Shakespeare  Company(RSC),which commissioned the study,said.

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils—aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”.They  were  split  into  target  and  control  groups  and  asked  to write,for  example,a  message  in  a  bottle  as  Ferdinand  after  the  shipwreck  in The Tempest.The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage.

The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary,used words "classed as more sophisticated or rarer",and wrote at greater length.They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control]group imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target]group put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character's emotion”.

The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on"desert island clichés"such as palm trees,target pupils were “more expansive [giving]a broader picture of the sky,the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.

O'Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target]children's writing”and that they were “more resilient in their writing,more hopeful”.She added:“The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process]where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you  do in drama is put yourself in different  shoes."The  study  showed  the  importance  of  embedding  the  arts  in education,she  said.

But  could  the results be replicated with  any  old  dramatist?O'Hanlon  said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words,compared with the everyday 2,000 words,gave a “massive expansion of language into children's lives”,which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.

22.The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether                       

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch  after  ground-breaking  research  showed  that   Shakespeare  does  benefit children's literacy and emotional development.But only if you act him out.

A  study  found  that  a  “rehearsal  room”approach  to  teaching  Shakespeare broadened children's vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy."The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,"Jacqui  O'Hanlon  of the Royal  Shakespeare  Company(RSC),which commissioned the study,said.

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils—aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”.They  were  split  into  target  and  control  groups  and  asked  to write,for  example,a  message  in  a  bottle  as  Ferdinand  after  the  shipwreck  in The Tempest.The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage.

The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary,used words "classed as more sophisticated or rarer",and wrote at greater length.They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control]group imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target]group put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character's emotion”.

The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on"desert island clichés"such as palm trees,target pupils were “more expansive [giving]a broader picture of the sky,the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.

O'Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target]children's writing”and that they were “more resilient in their writing,more hopeful”.She added:“The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process]where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you  do in drama is put yourself in different  shoes."The  study  showed  the  importance  of  embedding  the  arts  in education,she  said.

But  could  the results be replicated with  any  old  dramatist?O'Hanlon  said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words,compared with the everyday 2,000 words,gave a “massive expansion of language into children's lives”,which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.

23.Control pupils'reliance  on“desert  island  clichés”shows  their                        

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch  after  ground-breaking  research  showed  that   Shakespeare  does  benefit children's literacy and emotional development.But only if you act him out.

A  study  found  that  a  “rehearsal  room”approach  to  teaching  Shakespeare broadened children's vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy."The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,"Jacqui  O'Hanlon  of the Royal  Shakespeare  Company(RSC),which commissioned the study,said.

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils—aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”.They  were  split  into  target  and  control  groups  and  asked  to write,for  example,a  message  in  a  bottle  as  Ferdinand  after  the  shipwreck  in The Tempest.The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage.

The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary,used words "classed as more sophisticated or rarer",and wrote at greater length.They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control]group imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target]group put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character's emotion”.

The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on"desert island clichés"such as palm trees,target pupils were “more expansive [giving]a broader picture of the sky,the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.

O'Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target]children's writing”and that they were “more resilient in their writing,more hopeful”.She added:“The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process]where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you  do in drama is put yourself in different  shoes."The  study  showed  the  importance  of  embedding  the  arts  in education,she  said.

But  could  the results be replicated with  any  old  dramatist?O'Hanlon  said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words,compared with the everyday 2,000 words,gave a “massive expansion of language into children's lives”,which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.

24.What can promote children's emotional literacy according to O'Hanlon?

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch  after  ground-breaking  research  showed  that   Shakespeare  does  benefit children's literacy and emotional development.But only if you act him out.

A  study  found  that  a  “rehearsal  room”approach  to  teaching  Shakespeare broadened children's vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy."The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,"Jacqui  O'Hanlon  of the Royal  Shakespeare  Company(RSC),which commissioned the study,said.

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils—aged nine and ten—at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy”.They  were  split  into  target  and  control  groups  and  asked  to write,for  example,a  message  in  a  bottle  as  Ferdinand  after  the  shipwreck  in The Tempest.The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage.

The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils drew on a wider vocabulary,used words "classed as more sophisticated or rarer",and wrote at greater length.They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control]group imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target]group put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character's emotion”.

The Time to Act study also found that while control pupils relied on"desert island clichés"such as palm trees,target pupils were “more expansive [giving]a broader picture of the sky,the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.

O'Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target]children's writing”and that they were “more resilient in their writing,more hopeful”.She added:“The emotional understanding was very evident and it is probably related to the [rehearsal room process]where you are used to trying to imagine your way through.They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you  do in drama is put yourself in different  shoes."The  study  showed  the  importance  of  embedding  the  arts  in education,she  said.

But  could  the results be replicated with  any  old  dramatist?O'Hanlon  said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words,compared with the everyday 2,000 words,gave a “massive expansion of language into children's lives”,which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.

25.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that      

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions.The crisis is here,they said, and we need to cut back on our energy-intensive modelling.At the very least,we  need to make our energy use far more sustainable.

It   is  unarguable  that   our   laboratories,scientific   instruments,rockets   and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse—demand significant  amounts  of energy both  in  their  construction  and  operation.And  it is equally true that science's unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.According to the International Energy Agency,these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world's  electricity.

However,this is a price we must pay for understanding the world.How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can't track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,where it's coming from and who's producing it?The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent:ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.

It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest challenges.

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize,which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.One of the past winners,Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales,Australia,is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world's  solar  panels.Thanks  to  his  invention,we  have  a  real  chance  to decrease the world's carbon emissions.

Every day,scientists,technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to  exploit  renewable  energy  sources  and  develop  techniques  not  just  to  use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence.A great example of this is Europe's largest supercomputer,LUMI in Finland,which is astonishingly carbon- negative.Established in an old paper mill,it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town ofKajaani.

If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions,we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.

26.The author expressed great surprise at some scientists'        

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions.The crisis is here,they said, and we need to cut back on our energy-intensive modelling.At the very least,we  need to make our energy use far more sustainable.

It   is  unarguable  that   our   laboratories,scientific   instruments,rockets   and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse—demand significant  amounts  of energy both  in  their  construction  and  operation.And  it is equally true that science's unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.According to the International Energy Agency,these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world's  electricity.

However,this is a price we must pay for understanding the world.How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can't track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,where it's coming from and who's producing it?The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent:ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.

It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest challenges.

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize,which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.One of the past winners,Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales,Australia,is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world's  solar  panels.Thanks  to  his  invention,we  have  a  real  chance  to decrease the world's carbon emissions.

Every day,scientists,technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to  exploit  renewable  energy  sources  and  develop  techniques  not  just  to  use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence.A great example of this is Europe's largest supercomputer,LUMI in Finland,which is astonishingly carbon- negative.Established in an old paper mill,it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town ofKajaani.

If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions,we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.

27.The author believes that carbon emissions from research                     

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions.The crisis is here,they said, and we need to cut back on our energy-intensive modelling.At the very least,we  need to make our energy use far more sustainable.

It   is  unarguable  that   our   laboratories,scientific   instruments,rockets   and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse—demand significant  amounts  of energy both  in  their  construction  and  operation.And  it is equally true that science's unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.According to the International Energy Agency,these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world's  electricity.

However,this is a price we must pay for understanding the world.How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can't track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,where it's coming from and who's producing it?The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent:ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.

It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest challenges.

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize,which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.One of the past winners,Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales,Australia,is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world's  solar  panels.Thanks  to  his  invention,we  have  a  real  chance  to decrease the world's carbon emissions.

Every day,scientists,technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to  exploit  renewable  energy  sources  and  develop  techniques  not  just  to  use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence.A great example of this is Europe's largest supercomputer,LUMI in Finland,which is astonishingly carbon- negative.Established in an old paper mill,it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town ofKajaani.

If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions,we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.

28.The example of Green in Paragraph 5 is used to illustrate             

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions.The crisis is here,they said, and we need to cut back on our energy-intensive modelling.At the very least,we  need to make our energy use far more sustainable.

It   is  unarguable  that   our   laboratories,scientific   instruments,rockets   and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse—demand significant  amounts  of energy both  in  their  construction  and  operation.And  it is equally true that science's unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.According to the International Energy Agency,these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world's  electricity.

However,this is a price we must pay for understanding the world.How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can't track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,where it's coming from and who's producing it?The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent:ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.

It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest challenges.

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize,which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.One of the past winners,Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales,Australia,is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world's  solar  panels.Thanks  to  his  invention,we  have  a  real  chance  to decrease the world's carbon emissions.

Every day,scientists,technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to  exploit  renewable  energy  sources  and  develop  techniques  not  just  to  use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence.A great example of this is Europe's largest supercomputer,LUMI in Finland,which is astonishingly carbon- negative.Established in an old paper mill,it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town ofKajaani.

If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions,we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.

29.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that LUMI                      

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

I was shocked to learn recently that some scientists want to scale back their research in an effort to decrease carbon emissions.The crisis is here,they said, and we need to cut back on our energy-intensive modelling.At the very least,we  need to make our energy use far more sustainable.

It   is  unarguable  that   our   laboratories,scientific   instruments,rockets   and satellites—the tools we scientists need to measure the planet's pulse—demand significant  amounts  of energy both  in  their  construction  and  operation.And  it is equally true that science's unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.According to the International Energy Agency,these buildings now consume about 1 per cent of the world's  electricity.

However,this is a price we must pay for understanding the world.How can we inform decision makers about the best ways to bring down carbon emissions if we can't track the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,where it's coming from and who's producing it?The carbon emissions from technological research are well spent:ultimately this research will safeguard the future of our planet.

It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.But demonstrating the efficacy of science will be crucial if we are to solve humanity's greatest challenges.

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize,which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.One of the past winners,Professor Martin Green from the University of New South Wales,Australia,is the inventor of the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell technology which is now found in most of the world's  solar  panels.Thanks  to  his  invention,we  have  a  real  chance  to decrease the world's carbon emissions.

Every day,scientists,technologists and engineers are discovering new ways to  exploit  renewable  energy  sources  and  develop  techniques  not  just  to  use power more intelligently but to power our intelligence.A great example of this is Europe's largest supercomputer,LUMI in Finland,which is astonishingly carbon- negative.Established in an old paper mill,it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town ofKajaani.

If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions,we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.

30.Which of the following statements would the author agree with?

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc.at its own game,old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming,with the likes of Disney+,Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions  of dollars  each year,sparking  concerns  on  Wall  Street  that  the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners:pirates that use software to rip a  film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own,illegitimate services,which rake in about $$2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

With no video production costs,illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%,according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA),a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy,which had largely been based on file uploads.But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about 30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs,estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center.The global impact is about 71 billion annually.

“The  people  who  are  stealing  our  movies  and  our  television  shows  and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,"says Charlie Rivkin,chief executive officer of the MPA."This is organized crime."Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and  Entertainment(ACE),an   enforcement  task   force  of  about   100  detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America  to  126,from  more  than   1,400  in  2018,aided  in  part  by  the  MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

Consulting  firm  Parks  Associates  predicts  that   legitimate  US   streaming services'cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $$113 billion in the next two years."While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027,there is no consensus among  stakeholders  as  to  when  it  may  begin  to  decline,"says  analyst  Steve Hawley.

31.According to Paragraph 1,legitimate streaming services            

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc.at its own game,old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming,with the likes of Disney+,Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions  of dollars  each year,sparking  concerns  on  Wall  Street  that  the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners:pirates that use software to rip a  film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own,illegitimate services,which rake in about $$2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

With no video production costs,illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%,according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA),a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy,which had largely been based on file uploads.But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about 30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs,estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center.The global impact is about 71 billion annually.

“The  people  who  are  stealing  our  movies  and  our  television  shows  and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,"says Charlie Rivkin,chief executive officer of the MPA."This is organized crime."Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and  Entertainment(ACE),an   enforcement  task   force  of  about   100  detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America  to  126,from  more  than   1,400  in  2018,aided  in  part  by  the  MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

Consulting  firm  Parks  Associates  predicts  that   legitimate  US   streaming services'cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $$113 billion in the next two years."While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027,there is no consensus among  stakeholders  as  to  when  it  may  begin  to  decline,"says  analyst  Steve Hawley.

32.It can be learned that streamers like Netflix       

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc.at its own game,old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming,with the likes of Disney+,Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions  of dollars  each year,sparking  concerns  on  Wall  Street  that  the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners:pirates that use software to rip a  film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own,illegitimate services,which rake in about $$2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

With no video production costs,illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%,according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA),a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy,which had largely been based on file uploads.But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about 30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs,estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center.The global impact is about 71 billion annually.

“The  people  who  are  stealing  our  movies  and  our  television  shows  and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,"says Charlie Rivkin,chief executive officer of the MPA."This is organized crime."Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and  Entertainment(ACE),an   enforcement  task   force  of  about   100  detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America  to  126,from  more  than   1,400  in  2018,aided  in  part  by  the  MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

Consulting  firm  Parks  Associates  predicts  that   legitimate  US   streaming services'cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $$113 billion in the next two years."While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027,there is no consensus among  stakeholders  as  to  when  it  may  begin  to  decline,"says  analyst  Steve Hawley.

33.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the MPA           

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc.at its own game,old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming,with the likes of Disney+,Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions  of dollars  each year,sparking  concerns  on  Wall  Street  that  the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners:pirates that use software to rip a  film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own,illegitimate services,which rake in about $$2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

With no video production costs,illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%,according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA),a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy,which had largely been based on file uploads.But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about 30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs,estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center.The global impact is about 71 billion annually.

“The  people  who  are  stealing  our  movies  and  our  television  shows  and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,"says Charlie Rivkin,chief executive officer of the MPA."This is organized crime."Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and  Entertainment(ACE),an   enforcement  task   force  of  about   100  detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America  to  126,from  more  than   1,400  in  2018,aided  in  part  by  the  MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

Consulting  firm  Parks  Associates  predicts  that   legitimate  US   streaming services'cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $$113 billion in the next two years."While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027,there is no consensus among  stakeholders  as  to  when  it  may  begin  to  decline,"says  analyst  Steve Hawley.

34.According to Hawley,digital piracy          

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc.at its own game,old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming,with the likes of Disney+,Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions  of dollars  each year,sparking  concerns  on  Wall  Street  that  the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.But the age of streaming has been a boon for some unintended winners:pirates that use software to rip a  film or television show in seconds from legitimate online video platforms and host the titles on their own,illegitimate services,which rake in about $$2 billion annually from ads and subscriptions.

With no video production costs,illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%,according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA),a trade group representing Hollywood studios that's working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

Initially the rise of legitimate online businesses such as Netflix actually helped curb digital piracy,which had largely been based on file uploads.But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about 30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs,estimates the US Chamber of Commerce's Global Innovation Policy Center.The global impact is about 71 billion annually.

“The  people  who  are  stealing  our  movies  and  our  television  shows  and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,"says Charlie Rivkin,chief executive officer of the MPA."This is organized crime."Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.In 2017 the association formed the Alliance for Creativity and  Entertainment(ACE),an   enforcement  task   force  of  about   100  detectives circling the globe to help local authorities arrest streaming pirates.

ACE says it's helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America  to  126,from  more  than   1,400  in  2018,aided  in  part  by  the  MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyrighted material a serious crime.

Consulting  firm  Parks  Associates  predicts  that   legitimate  US   streaming services'cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $$113 billion in the next two years."While there is some optimism that emerging countermeasures and best practices may see piracy begin to plateau by 2027,there is no consensus among  stakeholders  as  to  when  it  may  begin  to  decline,"says  analyst  Steve Hawley.

35.Which of the following is emphasized in the text?          

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Visit  any  antiques  store  and  you'll  encounter  artifacts  from  the  past: photographs,letters,a brochure  detailing the  Sinclair  dinosaur  exhibit  from  the 1964-1965 World's Fair,the  ephemera  of history.Yet  these  objects  aren't  truly ephemeral,because  they're  stillhere,decades,even  centuries  later.Why?Because they're tangible.

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats,digital information, given that those who produce these  artifacts  seldom make provision  for their long-term preservation?For  millennia,we've  known  what  we've  known  due  to artifacts  that  have  survived,often  despite  their  original  creators'neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation,no attempts were made at intentional preservation,yet analog materials have a chance of  surviving  and  serving  as  the  historical  record  that  biographers,historians, and novelists rely  on.Libraries  and  archives  have  traditionally  shouldered  the responsibility  of  organization,preservation,and   access  to  information.One  of S.R.Ranganathan's foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader."Thus,librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches,which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.

Librarians'selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access  by  holding  up  a  cellphone  and  saying,"it's  all  in  here"as  evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access  made  possible  and,perhaps  more  importantly,how  is  it  maintained? Who curates what is preserved?When it comes to born-digital information,the terrifying  answer  can  be:if  not  librarians   and   archivists,then  no  one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.

Even when a digital object is preserved,it may only be the carrier that's saved, not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk,thinking:how do I get the files off this?Without constant migration of digital assets,a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night:a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.

As  a  librarian  whose  day  job  revolves   around  special  collections  and digital  assets,I  share  the  night  terrors  of historians,and  I'd  be  lying  if  I  said a  comprehensive  preservation  solution  currently  exists.Yet  researchers  can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering,organizing,and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus we play an integral role in identifying,preserving,and providing accessibility to digital artifacts  so that,while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade,they won't find it an impossible one.

36.The author mentions the artifacts from the past to

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Visit  any  antiques  store  and  you'll  encounter  artifacts  from  the  past: photographs,letters,a brochure  detailing the  Sinclair  dinosaur  exhibit  from  the 1964-1965 World's Fair,the  ephemera  of history.Yet  these  objects  aren't  truly ephemeral,because  they're  stillhere,decades,even  centuries  later.Why?Because they're tangible.

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats,digital information, given that those who produce these  artifacts  seldom make provision  for their long-term preservation?For  millennia,we've  known  what  we've  known  due  to artifacts  that  have  survived,often  despite  their  original  creators'neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation,no attempts were made at intentional preservation,yet analog materials have a chance of  surviving  and  serving  as  the  historical  record  that  biographers,historians, and novelists rely  on.Libraries  and  archives  have  traditionally  shouldered  the responsibility  of  organization,preservation,and   access  to  information.One  of S.R.Ranganathan's foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader."Thus,librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches,which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.

Librarians'selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access  by  holding  up  a  cellphone  and  saying,"it's  all  in  here"as  evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access  made  possible  and,perhaps  more  importantly,how  is  it  maintained? Who curates what is preserved?When it comes to born-digital information,the terrifying  answer  can  be:if  not  librarians   and   archivists,then  no  one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.

Even when a digital object is preserved,it may only be the carrier that's saved, not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk,thinking:how do I get the files off this?Without constant migration of digital assets,a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night:a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.

As  a  librarian  whose  day  job  revolves   around  special  collections  and digital  assets,I  share  the  night  terrors  of historians,and  I'd  be  lying  if  I  said a  comprehensive  preservation  solution  currently  exists.Yet  researchers  can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering,organizing,and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus we play an integral role in identifying,preserving,and providing accessibility to digital artifacts  so that,while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade,they won't find it an impossible one.

37.Compared with digital objects,tangible artifacts

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Visit  any  antiques  store  and  you'll  encounter  artifacts  from  the  past: photographs,letters,a brochure  detailing the  Sinclair  dinosaur  exhibit  from  the 1964-1965 World's Fair,the  ephemera  of history.Yet  these  objects  aren't  truly ephemeral,because  they're  stillhere,decades,even  centuries  later.Why?Because they're tangible.

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats,digital information, given that those who produce these  artifacts  seldom make provision  for their long-term preservation?For  millennia,we've  known  what  we've  known  due  to artifacts  that  have  survived,often  despite  their  original  creators'neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation,no attempts were made at intentional preservation,yet analog materials have a chance of  surviving  and  serving  as  the  historical  record  that  biographers,historians, and novelists rely  on.Libraries  and  archives  have  traditionally  shouldered  the responsibility  of  organization,preservation,and   access  to  information.One  of S.R.Ranganathan's foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader."Thus,librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches,which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.

Librarians'selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access  by  holding  up  a  cellphone  and  saying,"it's  all  in  here"as  evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access  made  possible  and,perhaps  more  importantly,how  is  it  maintained? Who curates what is preserved?When it comes to born-digital information,the terrifying  answer  can  be:if  not  librarians   and   archivists,then  no  one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.

Even when a digital object is preserved,it may only be the carrier that's saved, not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk,thinking:how do I get the files off this?Without constant migration of digital assets,a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night:a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.

As  a  librarian  whose  day  job  revolves   around  special  collections  and digital  assets,I  share  the  night  terrors  of historians,and  I'd  be  lying  if  I  said a  comprehensive  preservation  solution  currently  exists.Yet  researchers  can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering,organizing,and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus we play an integral role in identifying,preserving,and providing accessibility to digital artifacts  so that,while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade,they won't find it an impossible one.

38.According to Paragraph 3,librarians'work may result in  

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Visit  any  antiques  store  and  you'll  encounter  artifacts  from  the  past: photographs,letters,a brochure  detailing the  Sinclair  dinosaur  exhibit  from  the 1964-1965 World's Fair,the  ephemera  of history.Yet  these  objects  aren't  truly ephemeral,because  they're  stillhere,decades,even  centuries  later.Why?Because they're tangible.

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats,digital information, given that those who produce these  artifacts  seldom make provision  for their long-term preservation?For  millennia,we've  known  what  we've  known  due  to artifacts  that  have  survived,often  despite  their  original  creators'neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation,no attempts were made at intentional preservation,yet analog materials have a chance of  surviving  and  serving  as  the  historical  record  that  biographers,historians, and novelists rely  on.Libraries  and  archives  have  traditionally  shouldered  the responsibility  of  organization,preservation,and   access  to  information.One  of S.R.Ranganathan's foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader."Thus,librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches,which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.

Librarians'selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access  by  holding  up  a  cellphone  and  saying,"it's  all  in  here"as  evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access  made  possible  and,perhaps  more  importantly,how  is  it  maintained? Who curates what is preserved?When it comes to born-digital information,the terrifying  answer  can  be:if  not  librarians   and   archivists,then  no  one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.

Even when a digital object is preserved,it may only be the carrier that's saved, not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk,thinking:how do I get the files off this?Without constant migration of digital assets,a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night:a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.

As  a  librarian  whose  day  job  revolves   around  special  collections  and digital  assets,I  share  the  night  terrors  of historians,and  I'd  be  lying  if  I  said a  comprehensive  preservation  solution  currently  exists.Yet  researchers  can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering,organizing,and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus we play an integral role in identifying,preserving,and providing accessibility to digital artifacts  so that,while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade,they won't find it an impossible one.

39.The “ZIP disk”is cited as an example to show

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Visit  any  antiques  store  and  you'll  encounter  artifacts  from  the  past: photographs,letters,a brochure  detailing the  Sinclair  dinosaur  exhibit  from  the 1964-1965 World's Fair,the  ephemera  of history.Yet  these  objects  aren't  truly ephemeral,because  they're  stillhere,decades,even  centuries  later.Why?Because they're tangible.

Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats,digital information, given that those who produce these  artifacts  seldom make provision  for their long-term preservation?For  millennia,we've  known  what  we've  known  due  to artifacts  that  have  survived,often  despite  their  original  creators'neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation,no attempts were made at intentional preservation,yet analog materials have a chance of  surviving  and  serving  as  the  historical  record  that  biographers,historians, and novelists rely  on.Libraries  and  archives  have  traditionally  shouldered  the responsibility  of  organization,preservation,and   access  to  information.One  of S.R.Ranganathan's foundational Laws of Library Science is “Save the time of the reader."Thus,librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches,which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.

Librarians'selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access  by  holding  up  a  cellphone  and  saying,"it's  all  in  here"as  evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access  made  possible  and,perhaps  more  importantly,how  is  it  maintained? Who curates what is preserved?When it comes to born-digital information,the terrifying  answer  can  be:if  not  librarians   and   archivists,then  no  one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.

Even when a digital object is preserved,it may only be the carrier that's saved, not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete, the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk,thinking:how do I get the files off this?Without constant migration of digital assets,a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night:a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.

As  a  librarian  whose  day  job  revolves   around  special  collections  and digital  assets,I  share  the  night  terrors  of historians,and  I'd  be  lying  if  I  said a  comprehensive  preservation  solution  currently  exists.Yet  researchers  can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering,organizing,and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus we play an integral role in identifying,preserving,and providing accessibility to digital artifacts  so that,while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade,they won't find it an impossible one.

40.Which of the following statements best summarizes the text?