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Ieoh Ming Pei is definitely one of the biggest names in architecture. Born in China in 1917, Pei was the son of a prominent banker. He grew up mostly in Hong Kong and Shanghai. At the age of 17, Pei left for the United States to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then Harvard University. Pei attracted great attention in the US for the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, but it was the Louvre Pyramid that brought him worldwide fame. In 1981, the newly elected President of France came up with an ambitious plan for a variety of construction projects, including the renovation of the Louvre Museum. Pei was invited to join the renovating team. Pei finally agreed to take on the project after three secretive trips to Paris. Pei designed not only a glass and steel pyramid to serve as the entrance to the Louvre, but also a transformation of the interiors. The public reacted harshly to the design, mostly because of the proposed pyramid. In an attempt to soothe public anger, Pei took a suggestion from then-mayor of Paris and placed a full-sized model of the pyramid in the courtyard of the Louvre. During the four days of its exhibition, an estimated 60,000 people visited the site. Critics eased their opposition after witnessing the proposed scale of the pyramid. The new entrance was opened to the public in March, 1989. By that time, public opinion had softened on the Pyramid; a poll found a 56 percent approval rating for the pyramid. “The much-feared pyramid has become adorable,” wrote a French writer. The experience was exhausting for Pei, but also rewarding. “After the Louvre,” Pei said later, “I thought no project would be too difficult.” Now the Louvre Pyramid is Pei’s most famous structure.【缺少答案,请补充】
Grandma Moses is among the most famous twentieth-century painters of the United States, yet she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: “I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more productive old age. She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty-seven, she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived ;her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery(刺绣) pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930’s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures :detailed and lively portrayals(描绘) of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of colour and form. “I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it,” she said.【缺少答案,请补充】
In capsule hotels, each guest stays in a small sleeping space called a capsule.________measures about 2 meters in length and 1 meter in both width and height.________is a type of hotel first developed in Japan intended to provide cheap, basic overnight accommodation for guests who do not require the services offered by traditional hotels. Facilities differ, but most include a television and wireless internet connection. There are many buttons in the capsule. One turns on the light, one turns on the TV, and one controls the channels. There is a radio and an alarm clock built in. The open end of the capsule can be closed, for privacy, with a curtain or a fiber glass door. Luggage is stored in a locker. Clothes and shoes are sometimes exchanged for a yukata and slippers on entry. Washrooms are communal. Guests are asked not to smoke or eat in the capsules. Some hotels also provide restaurants (or at least vending machines), pools, and other entertainment facilities. Capsules are used primarily by men. Some capsule hotels offer separate sections for male and female guests. The benefits of these hotels are convenience and price, usually around ¥2000-4000 (USD 25-50) a night. They provide a place for those who may be too drunk to return home safely. About 30% at the Capsule Hotel were unemployed or underemployed and were renting capsules by the month. It was first offered to salary men who had missed the last train home, but now it is also popular with travelers from all over the world. Therefore, it’s going to gain more popularity.
Lynne Shaner used the Internet to buy everything she needed for her wedding and holiday gifts for her husband and step-daughter. Other than food, 90 percent of her purchases are made on the computer in her Washington apartment. “I find that, by being able to go online and choose the things that I need to choose, and have them delivered to me right at my doorstep, I eliminate all the driving, all the crowds, all the noise of that, and I usually get a better selection,” Shaner explained. Analysts say US online shopping has hit records in November and December. Fifty-seven percent of Americans have made at least one online purchase. Traditional merchants worry that the growing e-commerce will shrink their share of the market. Cornell University Marketing Professor Ed McLaughlin says they have reason for concern. “Anything that can move online will go. It is just a matter of time,” he stated. McLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing—as well as items that are difficult to ship. He says some bricks and mortar stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics. Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy. “Oftentimes, you need that last sense of ‘this is exactly what I want’ before you part with your money,” he said. “And you can’t always get that online. It’s a rather cold process. Traditional stores can also deliver goods more quickly than online retailers,” Martin says. And smart merchants are using stores to guide customers to websites and using their websites to encourage customers to visit their stores. While e-commerce worries some merchants, it’s a huge boost for delivery services like FedEx and UPS. UPS Manager Dana Kline says e-commerce means her company is even busier than usual this time of year. “We are expecting 28 million pieces on their peak day, which is December 20, which is up about a million from last year,” she noted. UPS is so busy that it’s hiring 55,000 temporary workers during the holiday season to deliver gifts. Those packages are headed for homes, including Lynne Shaner’s purchase.【缺少答案,请补充】