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According to the passage, which of the following situations can be considered as a sample of counterurbanization?

According to Geyer and Kontuly’s urbanization model, when does the polarization reversal occur?

What does the counterurbanization reflect, according to the passage?

What will happen during suburbanization, according to the passage?

What can we learn about counterurbanization from the passage?

What will Beijing do to establish itself as a benchmark city in the digital economic sector, according to the passage?

According to the plan, which of the following is not a major characteristic of future cities?

According to the passage, why is there an urgent need to develop the digital economy?

What can we learn about Beijing’s digital economy from the passage?

Which of the following is seen as the reason that Beijing is best placed to develop the digital economy?

What can we learn about Beijing's digital economy from the passage?

Why is garbage one of the most valuable things that archaeologists can dig out?

What makes building a garbage dump amazingly high-tech?

What is the most common solution to garbage in modern times?

What is the most interesting part of the book Garbology?

What can be inferred about garbage from this passage?

Cities are getting smarter every day, so are their transit options. One emerging option is autonomous vehicles (AVs), or simply cars with self-driving 1)____. However, as experts say, before we enter a reality where AVs are embedded into our daily lives, we will see the continued rise of electric vehicles (EVs) all over the world. Besides saving costs for consumers, EVs can bring many 3)____ benefits to the environment because they use electricity instead of gas to drive their wheels. Many large cities are trying to encourage the use of EVs by installing public charging stations throughout the city and 4)____ the vehicle registration process. At the same time, many automakers are working to enhance the charging speed of EVs and to make EVs more 6)____. As the use of EVs rises, greater 7)____ will be placed on the power industry. In some areas where energy resources are stressed already, the increasing use of EVs could well 8)____ the electrical supply system. EVs can also impact urban planning. Thus, consideration of commute options, location of charging stations, and open data should be part of a city’s future mobility plans. It is important for automakers to partner with urban planners and utility companies to provide 9)____ experiences for consumers and residents. Imagine one day a driverless EV picks you up and drops you off, and then 10)____ to the location of the next passenger without ever stopping to recharge because of wireless power transfer from nearby energy sources. The technology is on the way, but we need to wait for our cities and energy industry to get ready as well.

When I was young, I had a very narrow understanding of beauty. I used to 1)____ it with only physical things. It was about what the eye could see: soft hair, clear skin, 2)____ clothes, a good figure ... I think some other people may also have gone through this phase of wanting the perfect shell defined solely in terms of 3)____ standards. When I first entered the modeling industry, I was always 4)____ to conform to others’ criteria of beauty. I would think, “Well, if they say I’m beautiful, then I am. But if they don’t, then I’m not.” Even today, I can’t believe how 5)____ my thoughts were. I want to correct this narrow idea that our beauty comes from the notions and approval of other people. When we allow others to determine what is beautiful, we fail to express and accept our individuality, our unique physical and personal 6)____. I think we should ask ourselves the question “What is beautiful to me?” and construct our own 7)____ of beauty that are more comprehensive and more meaningful. As time goes on, I have gradually expanded my definitions of beauty, without limiting them to what lies on the outside. I have started to realize that physical beauty won’t last forever because we humans are all 8)____ and will grow old inevitably. I have met many strong and courageous women, for example, a friend who 9)____ breast cancer and a cousin who works hard to provide for her child. I have also met many women who are devoted to their 10)____ to their professional pursuits. Their confidence validates their beauty, and their striving to be true to themselves is inspiring. These women are examples of beautiful notions and thoughts. They embrace being themselves, and that’s what makes them truly beautiful.

Farming invariably interferes with the habitats of plants and animals. However, this does not necessarily mean that agriculture will put biodiversity in 1)____ and that the two can never come together. In fact, quite the opposite is true. Sustainable cultivation of agricultural land for food and animal feed enables us to 2)____ biodiversity. Compared with the massive population growth in the last few decades, the expansion of arable (可耕的) land over the same period has been small. And there are limits to further expansion. A large 3)____ of the earth’s surface like deserts is not suitable for crop cultivation, and other areas are 4)____ by humans for roads and buildings. Some land that is rich in biodiversity needs to be protected and thus should not be 5)____ into arable land. The tropical rain forests, for example, have the highest species diversity in the world, and changing this land for crop cultivation would be 6)____ to the habitats and, indeed, the existence of the species in these places. By 2050, global demand for food will have increased substantially. This is one of the 7)____ challenges facing agriculture today: How do we balance the rising demand for food and the need to maintain biological 8)____ and diversity, now and in the future? Efficient and effective use of land will be 9)____ to the increase of food production and preservation of biodiversity. The solution will depend, to a large extent, on how well we manage the 10)____ agriculture and food systems.

Jack MacDonald, a Seattle man, left a fortune worth $187.6 million to charity after living a frugal and humble life. The 1)____ was the largest charitable gift in Washington State in 2013. MacDonald struck people as a man without much money. He 2)____ coupons to save money on groceries, wore sweaters with holes, and took a bus to attend alumni luncheons. He once bought so many cans of frozen juice at a bargain price that he had to 3)____ a new freezer to hold them. MacDonald left 40 percent of his fortune to Seattle Children’s Research Institute to support a variety of 4)____ research in childhood diseases although he had no 5)____ of his own. He was born in British Columbia, Canada, grew up in Seattle, and worked as a lawyer for three decades. He did not get married until he was in his 50s. MacDonald made a huge fortune by investing in the stock market. After his parents died, he received a large family 6)____. He never thought about buying any luxuries although he had 7)____ wealth at his disposal. Material possessions weren’t important to him. MacDonald might have been eccentric in some ways, but he always acted on his 8)____ to do good with his wealth. Over the years, he contributed to hundreds of causes and organizations. He also sent anonymous gifts to a small town in Canada where his grandparents lived after they 9)____ there from Scotland. In July 2013, MacDonald was hospitalized due to a serious head injury that would eventually lead to his death. In the two months before he died, he insisted on using inexpensive ordinary drugs instead of 10)____ additional costs for his treatment. He once said he would like to be remembered as a philanthropist (慈善家). With his generosity and selflessness, surely he has been.

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