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①The appearance in Clasgow of the largest yearly exhibition of children's books in Britain willgive a wonderful opportunity for $cottish people to see and buy the latest books for children as well asold favorites, both hardback and paperback, The age -range covered will stretch from wordlesspicture books for the youngest to almost-adult novels. ②In its early years, the Children's Book Show was intended for specialist visitors, mainly teachersand librarians. As it became more widely known and successful, however, family and school partiesbegan to come in ever-increasing numbers, so that it grew into a real children's book show, and ashow with a double purpose. F'or years it was held in various halls in London, outgrowing each ofthem in turn until, in answer to enthusiastic invitations to bring it to different parts of the country,thc decision was taken to move outside the capital, despite the difficulties that would result. (neyear it was held in Lccds, then in Bristol as well as in London, and now it comes to Clasgow."T'he great success of this move to bring the show to cities many miles front London. where ocourse most book publishers arc, has been largely due to the support given to the organizing commit.tee by local booksellers, librurians, teachers, parents and others. This year's show will again interesboth the general public and specialists. Admission will be free, but school parties must be booked forin advance. In a large room near the entrance there will be a self-service bookshop where every bookon show will be for sale. 2∗The visilors to the show now include C) both A and B D)neither A nor B A)teachers and librarians B)children from families and schools A and B 大写A鼻来（）

A good modem newspaper is an extraordinary picce of reading, It is remarkable first for what iteontains: the range of news from local erime to international politics, from sport to business to fash.ion to science, and the range of comment and special features (ff) as well, from editorial page tofealure articles and inlerviews to criticism of books, art, theater and music. A newspaper is evenmore remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always byjumping from here to there, in and out glancing at one picce, reading another article all the waythroughi, reading just a lew paragraphs of the next. A good modem newspaper olfers a variety to attract many dilferent readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this vari.ely together in one place is its topicality (),its immediate relation to what is happening inyour world and your localily now, But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it meanalso that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient ( ) value. For allthese reasons, no two people really read the sane paper: what each person does is to put togetheiout of the pages of that day's paper, his ow selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For allthese reasons, reading newspapers elficiently, which means getting what you want from them withoumissing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modifand apply the techniques of reading. 独一段英文（）

①President Coolidge's statement, "The business of America is business, " still points to an impor.tant truth today that business institutions have more prestige ( &)in Ameriean society than anyother kind of organization, including the government, Why do business institutions possess this greaprestige? ②One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other insitutions in society. $ince competition is seen as the major source of progress andprosperity by most Americans, compelitive business institutions are respected, Competition is nolonly good in itself; it is the means by which other basie American values such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. ③Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄)of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each otherfor profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose tocompeting business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for thecustomers"dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. ④A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is amonopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive ofreedorn than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and businessleaders are not. Many Americans believe, "then, that competition is as important as, or even moreimportant than,democracy in preserving freedom. ⑤Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity, Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of hisor her social class background, Comnpetilive success is commonly seen as the American altemativeto social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the ideaof equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (族的) idea of inherited privilege. President 跑热时她停（）

①The londest outery ( l l) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest country-by far--inthe world. According to most calculations, through most of the 1945-1970 period the United Stateshad a standard of living well above Europe's and many times above the world average. Yet protestsabout grinding poverty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed more from the United States than fromcountries with one-fortieth of their living standard, ( An annual per capita income of eight dollars itypical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America. ) It would seem strange to thesepeople ( were they only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an Americarcommitment to the far corers of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising thestandard of living of underprivileged Americans. ②What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants are never to be satisfied thoughthis is doubtless true, and the American living in suburb deprived of his second car and his color 'T'Vsuffers just as acutely as an African farmer in ,need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, ilsuggests the extent of contemporary breach(违反)of social norms(标准)-the emancipation (船效) of the individual self, People have learned that their wants are sacred and rights ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment and intolerable insult. Theyhave greatly expanded the circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always beeninfinite-misery, failure, misfitting, bittemess, hatred, envy beyond telling. lt has usually failed ofutterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help. 1945邀酒鬼施乌（）

①Psychologist Gcorge Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Marylanddecided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate”Spilich pul youmg non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺)of cigarettes througha series of tests. ②In the first test, each subjecl (验象)sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as sooras he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprivedsmokers and non-smokers perfommed equally well. ③The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20) identical letters andrespond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, butunder the stimulation of nicotine (尼), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. ④In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewesl errors, but deprivedsmokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. ⑤The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokersremembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprivedsmokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not onlyto have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificandetails. ⑥“As our tests became more complex, " sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better thansmokers by wider and wider margins”. He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at manyjobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose,but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. ” 96灸留疤讨厌（）

①The decline in moral standards-which has long concerned social analysts has at last capturedthe attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad. ②The fact that the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moralclimate, says this ethics(伦型学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope thatnew ideas will come forward to improve it. ③But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in Americansociety are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ∗ I'm in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the ④national consciousness," Ms. Flshtain says.Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many coupleworking, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing theU. S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are strugglingwith problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to un.married mothers. ⑤The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament ( 挽歌)for some nonexistent " goldenage, ” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一情感的) longing for a time that denied opportunities towomen and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice. ⑥Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in societyshe says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought. ”1996 震云南多地（）

①The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effectsConsumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy fortheir cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the productswork, Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. ②Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was olfer todieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories(热量单位,大卡) in every slice. ltured out that the bread was not dietetic (道台一节食), but just regular bread. "here were fewercalories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer's real concerns. Consideifire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people, If consumers consider the quality ofthe insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benelit from the advertisingFach consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benelits of the product immporlantenough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not forcethem to buy the produet. Consumers still control the final buying decision. The appeal 第二PP有（）

①The picnics, speeches, and parades of today's Labor Day were all part of the first celebration.held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an lrish-American labor leader named peterJ. McGuire. A carpenter by trade, MeGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 waspresident of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners ( UBC]). Approaching the City'sCentral Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud ("许)“the industriaspirit--the great vital force of every nation, " On $eptember 5 his suggestion bore finuit, as an estimated10, 000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union squareup Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. "The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states hadmade labor Day an annual holiday. ②The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect forworking people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a landsharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in deseribing the era as one of “progress and poverty. " In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist fecling ran high. De-mands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demandingan end to “'wage slavery" and anarchists (元政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite(炸药),middle .of-the -roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild bycomparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor ay as a bargain: A one-day partycertainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages. 1882邀把爸妈福（）

①The way people hold to the belief that a fun -filled, pain free life equals happiness actuallyreduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness, if fun and pleasure are equal to happinessthen pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not thing ②that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. Theyfear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement.religious commitment(承担的义务)，self-improvement. ③Ask a bachelor (汉)why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less andless satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in faet quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, and excitement. Marriagehas such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing fentures. ④Counles with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation..don't know any parent who would choose the word “fun" to describe raising children. But coupleswho decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with agrandchild. ⑤Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the mostliberaling realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinelyincrease our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will donothing to increase our happiness now seems pointess. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. The way 他姐娃爱哭（）

①Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long beenaccused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep theirnumbers down by shooting or poisoning them. ②Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. luntingconsists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed bymen and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunteishoots it. ③People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coatsand white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly i ④expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.It is estimated that up to 100, 000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the lastcouple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal ( 列的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突)between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者).Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of thefox's smell, which the dogs follow. ⑤Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they arealmost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself, But this year supporters of fox huntingface a much bigger threat to their sport, A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, istrying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogsillegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain. 100 000 师碗人人喜（）

①So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to readis not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about readingDouglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the im-possible.” ②'Teaching and learing are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. Thefunction of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for childrento devise the most elficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: Itcan be seen and obscrved. ③Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language, Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is notopen to public scrutiny. ④If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teachingthat will aid the child in the quest (探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teach.ing instructions. “'Make learing to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyableand frequent experience for children. ⑤When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher andlearner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are giventhe opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading. 13∗The word “scrutiny”(line 3, Para.3) most probably means “ (line 3, Para.3) 一题除双闪（）

①Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a state.ment? fold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible timcthat you can hold a person's gaze without being intimate, rude,or aggressive, If you are on an eleva.tor, what gaze-timne are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. Youvery likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up (f) and to assure them that youmean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, You needto emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut olf eye contact, what sociologisErving Goffman ( 1963) calls “a dimming of the lights. " You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger's eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at astranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likelto feel a bit strange yourself. ②If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman counmunicate interest inthis manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyesdow for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again, But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals, “[ know you", “| am interested in you, " or “You look peculiar and !am curious about you, " This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. 3（多个）三孩享年假（）

①It's very inleresling to note where the debate about diversity(多样化)is taking plaee. lt is tak.ing place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with topcorporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compele in the global village and inthe global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilledAmericans means we have to expand the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills tomore minorities, more women and more irmigranls. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn't occurin our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientist, the lawyers, or the business managersthey will need. ②Likewise, I don't hear people in the academy saying “Let's go backward. Let's go back to thegood old days, when we had a meritocracy(不拘一选人才)”( which was never true-we neverhad a meritocracy, although we've come close to it in the last 30 years) . l recently visited a great lit.tle college in New York where the campus had doubled its minority population in the last six years. lalked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembersthat when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campusNow, all of us feel the university is belter because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate isprimarily in political circles and in the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses. 1∗ The word “imperative” ( Line 5, Para.1)most probably refers to something . 30、 ( Line 5, Para.1) 膳食五一爱（）

①Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day inthe not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. 0ther authorities.however, think the auto is here to stay, They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urbantravel in the foreseeable future. ②The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. lt should becomesmaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car olthe future should be far more pollution-ree than present types. ③Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urbantralfic congestion (折挤).One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸绾內) arm will drop from theauto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Onceattached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the ve-hicle will pass to a central computer, The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements. ④The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. Thecomputer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exitfrom the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer ( 蜂鸡器) that willwarn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000vehicles per hour, compared with the 1, 500 to 2, 000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-dayhighway. 30、10 000 三始一万喜（）

①Faces, like fingerprints, are unique, Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognizepeople. E'ven a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face differentfrom another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognizefaces, we all take this ability for granted. ②We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone's personality, wemean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks thinks and feels that make that individual differeutfrom others. ③Like the human face, human personality is very complex, But describing someone's personalityin words is somewhat easier than describing his face. lf you were asked to describe what a “ niceface” looked like, you probably would have a diffieult time doing so. But if you were asked to de-.scribe a “nice person”, you might begin to think about someone who was kind considerate, friendly,warm, and so forth. ④There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts, ordon Allport, an A-merican psychologist, found nearly 18, 000 English wordg characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this infornation as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality.Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms. ⑤People have always tried to “type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to showthe audience whether they played the villain's ( ) or the hero's role. In fact, the words “'person”and “"personality" corne from the Latin persona, meaning “mask", Today, most television and movieactors do not wear masks. But we.can easily tell the “"good guys" from the “bad guys” because thetwo types difer in appearance as well as inactions. 18 000 亿万把千元（）

①In the old day, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps thefirst generation of American youmgsters (年轻) who have never been close by during the birth of tbaby and have never experienced the death of a family member. ②Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, wetransfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients-even whenthose patients are their parents. This deprives ( )the dying patient of significant family membersduring the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is animportant learing experience. ③Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500) terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benelit, not just tothem but to the members of their families as well. We are most impressed by the fact that even thosepatients who were not told of their serious ilness were quite aware of its potential outcome.It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients’communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies (). Most of our patientswelcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about thei!trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-dateon their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who hadbeen dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally toreach a true stage of acceptance prior to death. 500 伍白是歌手（）

①After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, carthquake scientists had goodnews to report: The damage and death toll (死亡人数)could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, as earhquake of similar intensit ②that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4: 31 um. on a holiday, when lraffic was light on the city's highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildinge andhighways, making them more resistant to quakes. ③Despite the good news, civil engieers aren't resting on their successes, Pinned to their drawingboards are blueprints ( 图) for improved quake-resistant buildings, The new designs should offereven greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. ④In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials.such as steeland wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, andinsert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibra.tions. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Calledsmart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations, When theground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in theopposite direction. ⑤The new smart shructures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save manylives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. 1994 要纠年九四（）

①Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study theperforance of some top referees. ②The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛)involving four youth teamsEach match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different refereeswere in charge. ③Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 6l over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably higl ④number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, hefound that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officialgot it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in thecase of errors was 12 mcters. The research shows the optimum [最佳的) distance is about 20 meters. ⑤There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees weremoving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per sec ⑥ond.If FlFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at thnext World Gup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rathethan rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FlFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. lfkeeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 1998 洪水灾险情（）

①Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. "Themost you can say about anyone's preference, is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two bigcola 【可囗可乐】companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we've won. ②dered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that chal.lenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in ablind tasting. ③We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic 【传统型型)orPepsi, Diet 【低糖的) Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they'd have no troubletelling their brand frotn the other brand. ④We eventually located 19 regular cola drikers and 27 diet-cola drinkers, Then we fed themfour unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for theother. We asked them to tell us wliether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished. ⑤Getling all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people whobelieved they could reeognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctlidentified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse.only 7 ol27 identilied all four samples correctly. ⑥While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in eachgroup made the wrong choice two or more times, 'Two people go all four samples wrong. Overall, halthe participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or tasteburnout, was not a factor, Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants andCoke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. 19 一十九号衣（）

①In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料)containersWithin a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottlesPlenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new productsBut because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfill(垃圾填场). The problem was not limited to New York, Unfortunately, there were too few usesfor second-hand plastic. ②Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recyeled (回收利用)in the United States. Thereason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discardedplastic soda bottles and tuming them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. ③Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing localgovernments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling isalready the least expensive waste-management option, f'or every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $ 100 per tonReeyeling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled produets by giving them a more refined raw material. 1993 要纠缠就散（）

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